Ayesart's Posts - Indigenous Caribbean Network2024-03-29T12:15:45ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesarthttp://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2787617651?profile=RESIZE_48X48&width=48&height=48&crop=1%3A1http://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profiles/blog/feed?user=12sisj1y7ffq8&xn_auth=noWho Are We and Who Were Our Immediate Ancestorstag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2014-09-03:2030313:BlogPost:1058802014-09-03T12:30:00.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
<p>The study of the genealogy of our ancestors can be challenging. The first question that is often asked by persons who are just beginning is, How do I begin?</p>
<p></p>
<p>Most of your research will begin using the Internet and the best place to start is within the United States Federal Census Records of Puerto Rico.</p>
<p>Things you should know that are important to your research:</p>
<p>1: Your family's complete surname. The Puerto Rican surname spins off of the old Spanish tradition.…</p>
<p>The study of the genealogy of our ancestors can be challenging. The first question that is often asked by persons who are just beginning is, How do I begin?</p>
<p></p>
<p>Most of your research will begin using the Internet and the best place to start is within the United States Federal Census Records of Puerto Rico.</p>
<p>Things you should know that are important to your research:</p>
<p>1: Your family's complete surname. The Puerto Rican surname spins off of the old Spanish tradition. There is the paternal surname and then the maternal surname has been included. For example, my own name is John J. Browne y Ayes. My mother's complete surname was Dominga de la Calzada Ayes y Maldonado. The US Federal census records census takers were very good at recording those two important surname tags.</p>
<p>2: The next important piece of data is your ancestor's place of birth. http;//familysearch.org requires the country, which is Puerto Rico, it is that simple. If you put in the Barrio and the town things may get complicated and you might not get any results at all in their search engine.</p>
<p>3: Interview the oldest family members you have for information on your ancestry. Find out the names of aunts and uncles and who they married. How many children they each had and most important, the children's names. </p>
<p>4: The search engines on Family Search.org are ambiguous and will present to you a list of family groups that might share your surname in different barrios of Puerto Rico. The same goes if you are Cuban, Dominican etc. </p>
<p></p>
<p>5: Take the birthdates with a grain of salt because the birthdates in the US censsus can be considered as being estimated birth dates.</p>
<p></p>
<p>6: Family Search.Org has a special section on their site that allows you to view actual birth certificates, death certificates and marriage certificates of your ancestors. You can download them too.</p>
<p>7: Your search become tough if one of your ancestors was un hijo natural, a child born out of wedlock. Back in the old days the municpal judge and his secretary omitted the father's genealogy and just gave the maternal genealogy within the birth document. This is where interviewing your immediate family members comes in handy because they often have that information on who was the father of that hijo natural.</p>
<p>8: Unfortunately the census records only go back to 1910, but you can gather information on ancestors as far back as 1856 - 1875 providing your ancestor lived a long time into the 1910 census. Sometimes you will see a great grandmother being the head of household and the great grandfather has been omitted. He probably passed away before the 1910 census was taken. Or, he might have been out working when the census taker came by their home.</p>
<p>Another place to look for ancestors is within Ancestry.com. But they charge a lot of money for using their services. One way to get around their charges is to join them using their trial period of 14 days. Once you become a "member" you can view the actual documents that comprise the US Fed. Census. But on the 12th day call them and cancel your membership. If not, you will be billed.</p>
<p>I am going to share a URL that will take you to some documents I acquired from Family Search.Org that belonged to some of my ancestors on my mother's paternal side.</p>
<p><a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/b/113819440012584857591/113819440012584857591/posts/fMSDiTAWcSs?pid=6033403849951746514&oid=113819440012584857591">https://plus.google.com/u/0/b/113819440012584857591/113819440012584857591/posts/fMSDiTAWcSs?pid=6033403849951746514&oid=113819440012584857591</a></p>
<p>These images are of my Ayes family member's draft cards. During the first World War a lot of Europeans were getting slaughtered on the battlefield. All of them wanted America to get involved in that war to bolster the rank and file. To sacrifice their lives within a war we shouldn't have gotten into. In any case, since Puerto Rico was a colony America extended the draft to our ancestors. A few of them did in fact serve in that war. The majority of them were wise enough to stay right where they were. You will read about one of my ancestors having a defect in his eye, it is quite obvious that he did not go to war because of that defect. In fact, none of the men in my family ever served in the first world war. Later on some of my immediate family members served in the second world war and in the Korean conflict and some served and died in Viet Nam.</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 13px;">Also included within the images is a census paper listing a Francisco Ayes, his full name was Francisco Ayes y Salazar. He lived in old San Juan and decided to live in New York for awhile. His sister Cruz went along with him. </span></p>
<p>They are within my Google + pages.</p>
<p>I am hoping that you are encouraged to begin researching your genealogy. It is important because within the records some of your ancestors might be listed as Pardos or Pardos liberes. Depending in what time period those tags were applied, you just might be looking at your indigenous ancestor.</p>
<p>Pardos were different from other racial tags used during the late 1600's. The terms used back then were, "grifo", "Negro Libere," "Mulatto" "Esclavo" etc.</p>
<p>If you are researching within Jeremy Haiti which was once a Spanish possesion until the French got in, you will find French terminalogy concerning race, "Quarter Non" was used for someone who was 1/4 African heritage, this was determined upon how dark or light the skin color was. I find it quite odd how those Europeans were obcessed with skin color. But one cannot judge the ancestors for their excentric ways. <span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span></p>
<p>Happy Hunting.</p>
<p></p>
<p> </p>Sharing Scientific mtDNA Studies of "Extinct" Tainotag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2014-09-02:2030313:BlogPost:1059682014-09-02T21:22:27.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
<p>It is an old scientific paper on mtDNA studies that were done on ancient skeletons of the Taino ancestors. These studies were done before the People gathered together to ban desecrations of ancient grave sites. Despite that these mtDNA studies prove that the Taino people are not "extinct." That you are still here as evidenced within mtDNA test results of descendants of the Taino.</p>
<p>The paper I am sharing was written by Charles Lalueza Fox et al, I am hoping I can upload it…</p>
<p>It is an old scientific paper on mtDNA studies that were done on ancient skeletons of the Taino ancestors. These studies were done before the People gathered together to ban desecrations of ancient grave sites. Despite that these mtDNA studies prove that the Taino people are not "extinct." That you are still here as evidenced within mtDNA test results of descendants of the Taino.</p>
<p>The paper I am sharing was written by Charles Lalueza Fox et al, I am hoping I can upload it here.</p>
<p>In any case, what is important to me is the fact that the paper contains the actual sequence numbers for comparitive study by the general public and those who have spent the time to get their mtDNA tested.</p>
<p></p>
<p>I found this article during a search for the Caribbean Coast of Central America. It turned out to be Guatemala and Belize. Both these places once belonged to the ancient Mayan people! </p>
<p>In retrospect I can now say that my Guanahatabey and your Taino ancestors came from the same place.</p>
<p>I find it unfortunate that thus far there are no records of the Guanahatabey language. </p>
<p>Ann. Hum. Genet. (2001), 65, 137±151<br/>Printed in Great Britain<br/>137<br/>MtDNA from extinct Tainos and the peopling of the Caribbean<br/>C. LALUEZA-FOX", F. LUNA CALDERO!N#, F. CALAFELL$,<br/>B MORERA$ and J. BERTRANPETIT$<br/>" SeccioU Antropologia, Dept. Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona,<br/>Barcelona, Spain<br/># Departamento de AntropologõUa FõUsica, Museo del Hombre Dominicano, Santo Domingo,<br/>RepuU blica Dominicana; Universidad Nacional Pedro HenrõUquez Urenh a, RepuU blica Dominicana<br/>$ Unitat de Biologia Evolutiva, Facultat de Cie[ ncies de la Salut i de la Vida,<br/>Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain<br/>(Received 10.7.00. Accepted 30.11.00)<br/>summary<br/>Tainos and Caribs were the inhabitants of the Caribbean when Columbus reached the Americas;<br/>both human groups became extinct soon after contact, decimated by the Spaniards and the diseases<br/>they brought. Samples belonging to pre-Columbian Taino Indians from the La Caleta site<br/>(Dominican Republic) have been analyzed, in order to ascertain the genetic affinities of these groups<br/>in relation to present-day Amerinds, and to reconstruct the genetic and demographic events that<br/>took place during the peopling of the Caribbean.<br/>Twenty-seven bone samples were extracted and analyzed for mtDNA variation. The four major<br/>Amerindian mtDNA lineages were screened through ampli®cation of the speci®c marker regions and<br/>restriction enzymatic digestion, when needed. The HVRI of the control region was ampli®ed with<br/>four sets of overlapping primers and sequenced in 19 of the samples. Both restriction enzyme and<br/>sequencing results suggest that only two (C and D) of the major mtDNA lineages were present in the<br/>sample: 18 individuals (75%) belonged to the C haplogroup, and 6 (25%) to the D haplogroup.<br/>Sequences display speci®c substitutions that are known to correlate with each haplogroup, a fact<br/>that helped to reject the possibility of European DNA contamination. A low rate of Taq<br/>misincorporations due to template damage was estimated from the cloning and sequencing of<br/>different PCR products of one of the samples. High frequencies of C and D haplogroups are more<br/>common in South American populations, a fact that points to that sub-continent as the homeland<br/>of the Taino ancestors, as previously suggested by linguistic and archaeological evidence. Sequence<br/>and haplogroup data show that the Tainos had a substantially reduced mtDNA diversity, which is<br/>indicative of an important founder effect during the colonization of the Caribbean Islands, assumed<br/>to have been a linear migratory movement from mainland South America following the chain<br/>con®guration of the Antilles.<br/>introduction<br/>When Christopher Colombus reached two of<br/>the Greater Antilles (Bahamas and Hispaniola)<br/>Correspondence: Jaume Bertranpetit, Unitat de<br/>Biologia Evolutiva, Facultat de Cie' ncies de la Salut i de<br/>la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C. Dr. Aiguader 80,<br/>08003 Barcelona, Spain. Tel: (3493) 542 28 40; Fax<br/>(3493) 542 28 02.<br/>E-mail: jaume.bertranpetit!cexs.upf.es<br/>during his ®rst discovery voyage, in 1492, he was<br/>greeted by indigenous people who called themselves<br/>Tainos. At that time, Columbus was<br/>convinced of having arrived in either Japan or<br/>China; later he changed his mind, and, believing<br/>he had reached India, called the aborigines<br/>`Indians', a misleading name for the<br/>Native Americans that has remained in use to<br/>this day. Thus, the wrong and biased perceptions<br/>138 C. Lalueza-Fox and others<br/>of Westerners about Caribbean aborigines date<br/>back to the very ®rst moment both cultures<br/>collided. However, we don't really know what<br/>the Tainos thought about the Spaniards, since<br/>they were extinguished in just one or two<br/>generations after this ®rst contact, decimated by<br/>the harsh treatment of the Spaniards and the<br/>diseases they brought with them. It is difficult to<br/>know how many people were killed during this<br/>process of extinction; according to different<br/>authors they could have numbered between 2<br/>and 7 million throughout the Caribbean<br/>(Ubelaker, 1992; Crawford, 1992). At the beginning<br/>of the 16th century, to replace the<br/>decreasing Tainos as agricultural and mining<br/>labour, the Spaniards brought African slaves<br/>(Kiple, 1984), who came to constitute the major<br/>present-day human substratum in the Caribbean.<br/>Despite claims of Taino heritage survival in some<br/>rural communities in the east of Cuba, it must be<br/>concluded that, after 500 years of cultural and<br/>genetic disruption, the original Caribbean people<br/>have disappeared forever as a distinct human<br/>group. The study of the so-called Black Caribs<br/>from Belize (Monsalve & Hagelberg, 1997), a<br/>population which is presumed to derive from the<br/>admixture of Island Caribs with West African<br/>slaves, illustrates the limitations of working with<br/>the highly admixtured modern Caribbean populations,<br/>since at least 16 of the 17 sequences<br/>found were clearly of African origin. Therefore,<br/>we need to rely on ancient DNA analysis if we<br/>want to know the genetic affinities of these<br/>groups in relation to the other peoples of the<br/>Americas.<br/>By the time of Columbus, and according to the<br/>Spanish chroniclers, there were two main human<br/>groups in the Caribbean, the Tainos, and the<br/>Caribs (whose name is the source of the region's<br/>name). The Tainos inhabited la Hispaniola,<br/>Puerto Rico, the east of Cuba, and probably<br/>Jamaica, the Bahamas, and the Turks and Caicos<br/>Islands, while the Caribs inhabited the Windward<br/>Islands and Guadeloupe (Rouse, 1986,<br/>1993). The latter group ± sometimes called Island<br/>Caribs ± was culturally related to some mainland<br/>American groups (called Mainland Caribs), that<br/>were established mainly in Venezuela. The<br/>Tainos consisted of hierarchical societies<br/>organized into chiefdoms; they had advanced<br/>agricultural techniques that allowed them to<br/>establish some settlements of thousands of<br/>inhabitants, with ceremonial squares and ball<br/>game courts. In contrast, the Caribs were<br/>ferocious nomadic hunters that raided the Taino<br/>villages, expanding from the South through the<br/>Lesser Antilles. In addition to Tainos and Caribs,<br/>there were other groups at Columbus' times: the<br/>so-called Arawaks, inhabitants of Trinidad and<br/>the Guianas, and the Guanajuatabeys, inhabitants<br/>of West Cuba.<br/>The names of the Caribbean groups and the<br/>languages they spoke are a source of debate<br/>among scholars; it seems that both Tainos and<br/>Island Caribs spoke Arawakan languages that<br/>belong to the Equatorial sub-family, in the<br/>Equatorial-Tucanoan family (Ruhlen, 1991). In<br/>contrast, the Mainland Caribs spoke Caribbean<br/>languages, which are classi®ed into the Macro-<br/>Carib subfamily, within the Ge-Pano-Carib family<br/>(Greenberg, 1987; Ruhlen, 1991). The existence<br/>of some words with clear Caribbean origin in<br/>the language of the Island Caribs points to a close<br/>relationship with the Mainland Caribs. The<br/>original homeland of the Taino groups in mainland<br/>South America is more controversial.<br/>Archaeological evidence shows that the<br/>Caribbean area was already settled by 5000 b.c. ;<br/>however, it has been suggested that the direct<br/>ancestors of the Tainos might have come from<br/>populations that migrated from the Lower<br/>Orinoco Valley, the Guianas or Trinidad and<br/>Tobago, around 1000 b.c. Thereafter, they<br/>undertook a long series of voyages, from one<br/>island to another, progressing from the mainland<br/>to the Lesser Antilles and from there to the<br/>Greater Antilles, eventually mixing with or<br/>pushing west the pre-existing populations, like<br/>the Guanajuatabeys. The islands are so close to<br/>one another that, with three exceptions, it is<br/>possible to see the next island in the migratory<br/>chain. If this hypothesis is correct, the peopling<br/>of the Caribbean had to take place as a linear<br/>migratory movement from South East to North<br/>mtDNA from extinct Caribbean Indians 139<br/>West, following the chain con®guration of the<br/>Antilles Islands.<br/>Therefore, whether or not the Caribbean was<br/>peopled from South-America is a hypothesis that<br/>can be reliably explored with ancient DNA<br/>analysis. The vast majority of ancient DNA<br/>studies have been based on the analysis of<br/>mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This cytoplasmic<br/>genome has a better chance of recovery, since a<br/>cell with a single copy of the nuclear genome can<br/>contain several thousand copies of the mtDNA<br/>genome. MtDNA has been widely used as a<br/>molecular tool for reconstructing the history of<br/>present-day human populations, by virtue of its<br/>special evolutionary properties, such as a rapid<br/>mutation rate relative to nuclear DNA, lack of<br/>recombination and maternal inheritance (Avise,<br/>1986; Stoneking, 1993).<br/>In the Americas, many studies have shown<br/>that most of the mtDNA of Amerindian populations<br/>falls into four major lineages (named `A',<br/>`B', `C', `D'), primarily de®ned by speci®c<br/>mtDNA markers (Schurr et al. 1990; Torroni et<br/>al. 1992, 1993b, 1994; Horai et al. 1993).<br/>Haplogroup A is de®ned by an HaeIII site at np<br/>663, haplogroup B by a COII}tRNALys intergenic<br/>9bp deletion, haplogroup C by an AluI site<br/>at np 13262 and haplogroup D by the absence of<br/>the AluI site at np 5176. Sequence data show a<br/>correlation between these lineages and particular<br/>mutations in the Control Region I of the mtDNA<br/>genome (Torroni et al. 1993a). An additional<br/>residual ®fth founding haplogroup, named `X',<br/>has been recently described (Bandelt et al. 1995).<br/>This lineage, ancestrally related to the lineage X<br/>found in some European populations, is characterized,<br/>at its basal level, by some RFLP and<br/>control region markers, such as ± 1715 DdeI,<br/>16517 HaeIII, and the 16223T-16278T substitutions;<br/>in the Americas, it has only been found<br/>in populations from North America.<br/>Greenberg et al. (1986) postulated that three<br/>different migrations (Amerind, Na-Dene and<br/>Eskimo-Aleut speakers) from Asia across the<br/>Bering Straits peopled the Americas. However,<br/>the ®rst sequence data (Ward et al. 1991) showed<br/>a rather high mtDNA diversity in one single<br/>tribe, suggesting a much more complex scenario<br/>than that expected from the three-migration<br/>model. Subsequent genetic studies (Horai et al.<br/>1993; Torroni et al. 1993a, 1993b) demonstrated<br/>that the Native American mtDNAs clustered in<br/>few, but relatively deep, lineages that were<br/>widespread along the continent and not restricted<br/>to any particular ethnic group or<br/>linguistic family. The ubiquity of the Native<br/>American mtDNAs in Asia suggested that a<br/>single initial migration into America, instead of<br/>successive migration waves, was a more plausible<br/>scenario (Merriwether et al. 1995; Merriwether &<br/>Ferrell, 1996). From that common mitochondrial<br/>founding pool, different demographic events<br/>would have produced the differences observed<br/>among present-day Native American populations,<br/>thus complicating the interpretation of<br/>both genetic and ethnohistorical data (Forster et<br/>al. 1996).<br/>The purpose of this study is to recover mtDNA<br/>from pre-Columbian Taino remains from<br/>Hispaniola (Dominican Republic) to ascertain<br/>the genetic affinities of these groups in relation to<br/>present-day mainland Amerinds and to reconstruct<br/>the process of peopling of the Caribbean<br/>Islands, along with the possible existence of<br/>demographic events during that process, such as<br/>genetic drift or bottlenecks. The future aim of<br/>this project is to analyse the genetic composition<br/>of the pre-Columbian remains from other<br/>Caribbean Islands, to provide a clear picture of<br/>the whole migration process; if successful, this<br/>can constitute a case study on ancient human<br/>migrations similar to that of Polynesia, although<br/>on a smaller scale.<br/>materials and methods<br/>DNA extraction and ampli®cation<br/>Twenty-seven bone samples from the pre-<br/>Columbian site of La Caleta (Repu!blica<br/>Dominicana) were analyzed. The site is located<br/>25 km east of Santo Domingo city, and is one of<br/>the most important Taino necropolises in the<br/>island; the bodies are buried with Boca Chica<br/>style ceramics, ornaments and tools (unpublished<br/>140 C. Lalueza-Fox and others<br/>data). Samples were chosen from well preserved<br/>post-cranial bones, and belong to different individuals;<br/>the radiocarbon dating of several individuals<br/>has yielded dates from 670³70 a.d. to<br/>1680³100 a.d. ; however, most of the dates are<br/>pre-Columbian.<br/>Extraction was undertaken with strict procedures<br/>to minimize the potential for contamination,<br/>in a positive-air pressure room separated<br/>from the main laboratory. Sterile gloves, face<br/>masks, sterile reagents, pipette ®lter tips and<br/>frequent bleaching of the working surfaces were<br/>some of the precautions adopted during the<br/>process. In addition, the laboratory where the<br/>analysis was done is totally new, and no<br/>extraction of DNA from Amerindians had ever<br/>been performed there. The external surface of the<br/>bone samples (³1 mm) was removed with a<br/>sterile surgical blade. Between 1 and 2 g of the<br/>bone samples were powdered in a coffee grinder;<br/>between each extraction, the grinder was washed<br/>with bleach. The powder was washed overnight,<br/>with shaking, in 10 ml of 0.5 M EDTA pH 8.0 at<br/>37 °C; after centrifugation, the supernatant was<br/>removed, and the remaining sample was incubated<br/>overnight at 37 °C with 8.5 ml of water,<br/>1 ml 5% SDS, 0.5 ml 1 m Tris-HCl pH 8.0 and<br/>50 ll of 1mg}ml proteinase K. After incubation,<br/>the digests were extracted three times, ®rst with<br/>phenol, second with phenol-chloroform and third<br/>with chloroform, and the aqueous phase was<br/>concentrated by dialysis centrifugation using<br/>Centricon-30 microconcentrators (Amicon) to a<br/>100±200 ll volume.<br/>One microlitre of template was subjected to 35<br/>cycles of ampli®cation in 25 ll-reaction volume<br/>containing 1 unit of Taq polymerase (Ecogen,<br/>Madrid, Spain), 10¬ reaction buffer, 2.5 mm<br/>MgCl#, 0.2 mm dNTPs, 12 mg}ml of BSA and 20<br/>pmoles of each pair of primer. Each cycle<br/>consisted of 1 min steps, with denaturation at<br/>94 °C, annealing at 55 °C and extension at 72 °C.<br/>Negative controls (extraction blanks and PCR<br/>blanks) were undertaken along with the ancient<br/>samples, to monitor against contamination; no<br/>positive controls were used. PCR products were<br/>electrophoresed in 0.8% low-melting agarose<br/>gels in TA buffer and visualized with ethidium<br/>bromide staining. Positive ampli®cation bands<br/>were excised from the gels, melted at 65 °C for<br/>20 min and eluted in 100±200 ll of sterile water,<br/>depending on the intensity of the band. The<br/>samples were subjected to a further 15 cycles of<br/>PCR, with limiting primers, annealing at 57 °C,<br/>one initial step at 94 °C for 5 min and one ®nal<br/>step at 72 °C for 5 min. The PCR products were<br/>puri®ed with the silica binding method (modi®ed<br/>from Ho$ ss & Pa$<br/>a$<br/>bo, 1993); 20 ll of reaction<br/>volume was mixed with 100 ll of 8.2 m NaI and<br/>40 ll of silica suspension, and left for 5 min at<br/>room temperature. After a spin, the supernatant<br/>was removed and the silica pellet washed twice<br/>with 250 ll of 70% ethanol. The nucleic acids<br/>were eluted in 20±30 ll of water; 2±6 ll of these<br/>samples was used as the template for direct<br/>sequencing on an ABI 377TM automated DNA<br/>sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA,<br/>USA), according to the supplier's instructions.<br/>Four sets of overlapping primers (L16055-<br/>H16142, L16131-H16218, L16209-H16356, and<br/>L16347-H16410) published elsewere (Handt et al.<br/>1996; Stone & Stoneking, 1998), were used to<br/>amplify 354 bp of the mtDNA control region I,<br/>between positions 16056 and 16409 (Anderson et<br/>al. 1981). All samples that yielded positive<br/>ampli®cations and sequences were extracted<br/>twice; additional sequences were randomly<br/>generated from the second extracts, using the<br/>shorter primer sets.<br/>To obtain additional support for the attribution<br/>of the four primary mtDNA Amerindian<br/>lineages, small fragments of mtDNA containing<br/>the speci®c marker of each lineage were ampli®ed<br/>in the same, previously sequenced, samples. Four<br/>sets of primers were used. For the haplogroup A,<br/>L635 and H709 (Handt et al. 1996); haplogroup<br/>B, L8215 and H8297 (Wrischnik et al. 1987);<br/>haplogroup C, L13257 and H13393 (Handt et al.<br/>1996;Ward et al. 1991, respectively); haplogroup<br/>D, L5054 and H5190 (Stone & Stoneking, 1998;<br/>Handt et al. 1996, respectively). The PCR<br/>products were digested overnight at 37 °C with<br/>0.5 ll of the appropriate restriction enzyme, and<br/>subsequently electrophoresed in 3%agarose gels,<br/>mtDNA from extinct Caribbean Indians 141<br/>Fig. 1. Map of Central, South America and the Caribbean, with the populations included in this study.<br/>Abbreviations are: AMA, Amazonas, CAY, Cayapa, EMB, Embera, GAV, Gavia4 o, HUE, Huetar, KUN,<br/>Kuna, NGO, Ngo$be!, QUI, Quiche, TAI, Tainos, WOU, Wounan, XAV, Xavante, YAN, Yanomami, ZOR,<br/>Zoro.<br/>except for the haplogroup B ampli®cations that<br/>were directly electrophoresed.<br/>Cloning of PCR products<br/>To estimate the rate of misincorporations due<br/>to the template damage or Taq errors in our<br/>sample, two different PCR ampli®cations<br/>(L16209-H16410 and L16209-H16356) from the<br/>same sample (u163) were cloned and sequenced.<br/>Twelve microliters of the PCR product were<br/>treated with T4 polynucleotide kinase, puri®ed<br/>by phenol-chloroform extraction and MicroSpin<br/>Column centrifugation and then ligated into a<br/>SmaI pUC18 plasmid vector, for 2 h at 16 °C,<br/>following the supplier's instructions (SureClone<br/>Ligation Kit-Pharmacia, Upssala, Sweden). Five<br/>microliters of the ligation product was transformed<br/>into 100 ll of competent cells and grown<br/>in 200 ll of LB medium for 1 h before plating on<br/>IPTG}X-gal agar plates. Colonies were left to<br/>grow overnight at 37 °C; white colonies were<br/>added to 50 ll PCR reactions for 25 cycles;<br/>inserts that yielded the expected size in a<br/>electrophoresed gel were excised, puri®ed with<br/>silica and sequenced following the procedures<br/>described.<br/>Statistical analysis<br/>Intrapopulation mtDNA variation in the<br/>Tainos was measured by two parameters.<br/>Nucleotide diversity (p) was computed as p¯<br/>(n}n®1) Rl"<br/>i=" (1-xi<br/>#), where n is the sample size,<br/>l the sequence length and xi the frequency of each<br/>nucleotide at position i (Nei, 1987). Sequence<br/>diversity (hs) was estimated as hs ¯ (n}<br/>n®1)Rk<br/>i=" (1®pi<br/>#), where k is the number of<br/>different sequences and pi the frequency of each<br/>sequence (Nei, 1987). The pairwise difference<br/>distribution (mismatch distribution) (Rogers &<br/>Harpending, 1992; Harpending et al. 1993) was<br/>also computed.<br/>To provide a populational framework for<br/>testing the peopling of the Caribbean, all Meso<br/>and South American groups published, with<br/>ethnic attribution and large sample sizes, have<br/>been considered (Fig. 1). The populations used<br/>142 C. Lalueza-Fox and others<br/>Table 1. mtDNA haplogroup attribution from the ampli®cation and enzymatic restriction of the<br/>speci®c markers in the Taino samples<br/>Samples<br/>(Sequenced)<br/>nt663<br/>HaeIII<br/>COII}tRNALys<br/>9 bp deletion<br/>nt13262<br/>AluI<br/>nt(®)5176<br/>AluI HAPLOGROUP<br/>166 ® ® D<br/>196 ® D*<br/>189 ® ® ® D<br/>167 ® ® ® D<br/>70 ® ® ® C<br/>45 ® ® ® C<br/>187 ® ® ® C<br/>154 ® ® C<br/>182 ® C<br/>71 ® ® ® C*<br/>48 ® ® ® C<br/>191 ® ® C<br/>162 ® C*<br/>53 ® ® C<br/>170 ® ® C<br/>54 ® ® ® C<br/>51 ® ® C*<br/>58 ® C<br/>163 ® ® ® C<br/>(Not sequenced)<br/>50 ® ? ? ?<br/>175 ® ® C<br/>164 ® ® C<br/>197 ® C<br/>72 ® ? ? ?<br/>40 ® ® ® ? D<br/>185 ® ® ® D<br/>150 ? ? ?<br/>? accounts for unresolved enzymatic digestion due to low ampli®cation efficiency. * attributions were con®rmed by<br/>sequencing of the control region.<br/>are the Cayapas (Rickards et al. 1999), Embera,<br/>Gavia4o (Ward et al. 1996), Huetar (Santos et al.<br/>1994), Kuna (Batista et al. 1995), Mapuches<br/>(Ginther et al. 1993), Ngo$be! (Kolman et al. 1995),<br/>Quiche (Boles et al. 1995), Wounan (Kolman &<br/>Bermingham, 1997), Xavante (Ward et al. 1996),<br/>Yanomami (Torroni et al. 1993a) and Zoro (Ward<br/>et al. 1996), as well as some individuals from<br/>related tribes (Yanomama, Wayampi, Kayapo,<br/>Arara, Katuena, Portujara, Awa-Guaja, and<br/>Tiriyo) grouped into`Amazonas' (Santos et al.<br/>1996). Analyses including these samples were<br/>made considering sequences between positions<br/>16024 and 16383.<br/>A distance matrix between populations was<br/>generated using the mismatch-intermatch distance.<br/>Principal coordinates analysis was performed<br/>on the distance matrix with the NTSYS<br/>programme, version 1.70 (Applied Biostatistics,<br/>Inc, Setanket, NY, USA). In order to understand<br/>the history of the sequences found in the Tainos,<br/>we have also performed a median network<br/>analysis (Bandelt et al. 1995) with 218 sequences<br/>from South American populations. To simplify<br/>the phylogeny obtained, we have repeated the<br/>network only with the C haplogroup sequences,<br/>which includes most of the Taino sequences.<br/>Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA)<br/>(Excoffier et al. 1992) was carried out with the<br/>Arlequin 2000 package (Schneider et al. 2000).<br/>results<br/>The ampli®cation results of the speci®c haplogroup<br/>markers are shown in Table 1, along with<br/>the putative haplogroup assignment. The ampli-<br/>®cation efficiency varied from one haplogroup to<br/>another, probably due to differences in the<br/>primer design and the length of the ampli®ed<br/>mtDNA from extinct Caribbean Indians 143<br/>Table 2. Polymorphic sites of the sequences found in the Tainos<br/>1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br/>6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6<br/>1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4<br/>2 2 8 2 4 5 6 6 9 1 2 2 6 0<br/>Sample HAPLOGROUP 6 9 9 3 2 4 3 5 8 1 5 7 2 0<br/>166 D [ [ [ T [ [ [ [ [ [ C [ C [<br/>196 D [ [ [ T [ [ [ [ [ [ C [ C [<br/>189 D [ A [ T [ [ [ [ [ [ C [ C [<br/>167 D [ [ [ T T [ [ [ [ C C [ C T<br/>70 C [ [ [ T [ [ [ [ C C C T [ [<br/>45 C [ [ [ T [ [ [ [ C C C T [ [<br/>187 C [ [ [ T [ [ [ [ C C C T [ [<br/>154 C [ [ [ T [ [ [ [ C C C T [ [<br/>182 C [ [ [ T [ [ [ [ C [ C T [ [<br/>71 C [ [ [ T [ [ [ [ C [ C T [ [<br/>48 C [ [ [ T [ [ [ [ C [ C T [ [<br/>191 C [ [ [ T [ [ [ [ C [ C T [ [<br/>162 C [ [ C T [ [ [ [ C [ C T C [<br/>53 C [ [ C T [ [ [ [ C [ C T C [<br/>170 C [ [ [ T [ [ [ [ C [ [ T C [<br/>54 C [ [ [ T [ [ C [ C [ [ T [ [<br/>51 C [ [ [ T [ [ [ T C [ C T [ [<br/>58 C [ [ [ [ [ G [ [ C [ C T C [<br/>163 C C [ [ [ [ [ [ [ C [ C T [ [<br/>Base positions are compared to the Cambridge reference sequence (Anderson et al. 1981).<br/>product; for instance, it was possible to amplify<br/>the A haplogroup region in almost all the samples<br/>(25 out of 27); in contrast, only 16 samples yield<br/>PCR products for the D haplogroup. In some of<br/>the C and D haplogroup ampli®cations, the<br/>bands were so faint that the ®nal result remained<br/>unclear. It should be noted that ampli®cation is<br/>independent of the results of the enzymatic<br/>digestion and, therefore, the ampli®cation<br/>efficiency does not bias the haplogroup attribution.<br/>The ampli®cation efficiency was higher for the<br/>control region, maybe due to a better primer<br/>design (Table 2). In the best preserved specimens<br/>(ten samples), it was possible to obtain the<br/>354 bp region with only two overlapping fragments<br/>(L16055-H16218 and L16209-H16410).<br/>The widely described degradation of ancient<br/>DNAinto fragments, usually smaller than 200 bp<br/>(Pa$a$ bo, 1989; Lalueza-Fox, 1996a), made<br/>necessary the ampli®cation of nine samples (71,<br/>182, 53, 154, 187, 196, 58, 51, 170) in four<br/>fragments. A partial sequence, with a G in np<br/>16212 (L16131-H16218 fragment), was obtained<br/>for the no. 197 sample; however, since it was not<br/>possible to extend the sequence or reproduce it<br/>subsequently, this has not been included in Table<br/>2. In addition, seven samples failed to yield<br/>ampli®able DNA. The low ampli®cation<br/>efficiency and low reproducibility of some<br/>samples most likely re¯ects severe DNA degradation<br/>and a small number of template<br/>molecules.<br/>The sequence markers obtained, corresponding<br/>to the mtDNA lineages (C in np 16325 and C in<br/>np 16362 for the haplogroup D, and C in np<br/>16298, C in np 16325 and T in np 16327 for the<br/>haplogroup C), con®rmed the haplogroup attribution<br/>(Forster et al. 1996). Taking into<br/>account the consensus haplogroup assignation,<br/>inferred from both the haplogroup markers and<br/>the sequences, it can be summarized that 75%of<br/>the Tainos studied belonged to the C haplogroup<br/>(N¯18) and 25% (N¯6) to the D haplogroup.<br/>No presence of the two other major Amerindian<br/>haplogroups (A and B) was detected. The highest<br/>limit for a 95% con®dence interval for no<br/>observation in a sample size (N) of 24 individuals<br/>can be estimated through the Poisson distribution<br/>1®e−FN¯0.95, were F is the frequency of<br/>an unobserved haplogroup; therefore, other<br/>haplogroups could be present in the Taino<br/>144 C. Lalueza-Fox and others<br/>Table 3. MtDNA lineage frequencies in Amerindian populations<br/>Linguistic classi®cation<br/>mtDNA lineages frequencies (%)<br/>and Population n A B C D Others References<br/>ESKIMO-ALEUT<br/>Old Harbor, Eskimos 115 61.7 3.5 0.0 34.8 0.0 Merriwether et al. 1995b<br/>Ouzinbie, Eskimos 41 73.2 0.0 4.9 14.6 7.3 Merriwether et al. 1995b<br/>Gambell, Eskimos 50 58.0 0.0 14.0 26.0 2.0 Merriwether et al. 1995b<br/>Savoonga, Eskimos 49 93.9 0.0 0.0 2.0 4.1 Merriwether et al. 1995b<br/>St. Paul, Aleuts 72 25.0 0.0 1.4 66.7 6.9 Merriwether et al. 1995 b<br/>CONTINENTAL NA-DENE<br/>Dogrib 30 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Torroni et al., 1993a<br/>Dogrib 124 88.7 0.0 2.4 0.0 8.9 Merriwether et al. 1995b<br/>Navajo 48 58.3 37.5 0.0 0.0 4.2 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Apache 25 64.0 16.0 12.0 8.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>HAIDA NA-DENE<br/>Haida 38 92.1 0.0 7.9 0.0 0.0 Ward et al. 1993<br/>Haida 25 96.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>NORTHERN AMERIND<br/>Bella Coola 25 60.0 8.0 8.0 20.0 4.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Bella Coola 32 78.1 6.25 9.4 6.25 1.6 Ward et al. 1993<br/>Nuu-Chah-Nulth 63 44.5 3.1 19.1 26.7 13.3 Ward et al. 1991<br/>Nuu-Chah-Nulth 15 40.0 6.7 13.3 26.7 13.3 Torroni et al., 1993a<br/>Ojibwa 28 64.3 3.6 7.1 0.0 25.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Mohawk 18 46.4 10.5 13.8 0.6 28.7 Merriwether et al. 1995b<br/>Maya 27 51.9 22.2 14.8 7.4 3.7 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Mixe 16 62.5 31.3 6.2 0.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1994<br/>Muskoke 71 36.6 15.5 9.9 38.0 0.0 Merriwether et al. 1995b<br/>CENTRAL AMERIND<br/>Mixtec Alta 15 73.4 13.3 13.3 0.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1994<br/>Mixtec Baja 14 92.9 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1994<br/>Zapotec 15 33.3 33.3 33.3 0.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1994<br/>Pima 30 6.7 50.0 43.3 0.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>CHIBCHA-PAEZAN<br/>Teribe 20 80.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1994<br/>Guatuso 20 85.0 15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1994<br/>Boruca 14 21.4 71.5 0.0 7.1 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Kuna 16 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Kuna 63 71.4 28.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Batista et al. 1995<br/>Guaymi 16 68.8 31.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Bribi}Cabecar 24 54.2 45.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Huetar 27 70.4 3.7 0.0 25.9 0.0 Santos et al. 1994<br/>Ngo$be! 46 67.4 32.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Kolman et al. 1995<br/>Cayapa 120 29.1 40.0 9.2 0.0 21.7 Rickards et al. 1999<br/>Atacama 13 23.1 69.2 7.7 0.0 0.0 Bailliet et al. 1994<br/>Atacamen4 o 50 12.0 72.0 10.0 6.0 0.0 Merriwether et al. 1995b<br/>Yanomama 24 0.0 16.7 54.2 29.2 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>ANDEAN<br/>Quechua 19 26.3 36.8 5.3 31.6 0.0 Merriwether et al. 1995b<br/>Aymara 172 6.4 67.4 12.2 14.0 0.0 Merriwether et al. 1995b<br/>Mapuche 39 15.4 38.5 20.5 25.6 0.0 Ginther et al. 1993<br/>Mapuche 58 5.3 32.7 20.6 31.1 10.3 Bailliet et al. 1994<br/>Huilliche 38 5.3 28.9 18.4 47.4 0.0 Bailliet et al. 1994<br/>Huilliche 80 3.75 28.75 18.75 48.75 0.0 Merriwether et al. 1995b<br/>Pehuenche 100 2.0 9.0 37.0 52.0 0.0 Merriwether et al. 1995b<br/>Aonikenk 15 0.0 0.0 26.7 73.3 0.0 Lalueza-Fox 1996<br/>Kawe!skar 19 0.0 0.0 15.8 84.2 0.0 Lalueza-Fox 1996<br/>Ya!mana 11 0.0 0.0 90 10 0.0 Lalueza-Fox 1996<br/>Selk'nam 13 0.0 0.0 46.2 46.2 7.7 Lalueza-Fox 1996<br/>EQUATORIAN TUCANOAN<br/>Piaroa 10 50.0 0.0 10.0 40.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Wapishana 12 0.0 25.0 8.3 66.7 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Ticuna 28 17.9 0.0 32.1 50.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Zoro 30 20.0 6.7 13.3 60.0 0.0 Ward et al. 1996<br/>mtDNA from extinct Caribbean Indians 145<br/>Table 3. (cont.)<br/>Linguistic classi®cation<br/>mtDNA lineages frequencies (%)<br/>and Population n A B C D Others References<br/>Gavia#o 27 14.8 14.8 0.0 70.4 0.0 Ward et al. 1996<br/>Tainos 24 0.0 0.0 75.0 25.0 0.0 Present study<br/>GE-PANO-CARIB<br/>Makiritare 10 20.0 0.0 70.0 10.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Macushi 10 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Kraho 14 28.6 57.1 14.3 0.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Marubo 10 10.0 0.0 60.0 30.0 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Mataco 28 10.7 35.7 0.0 53.6 0.0 Torroni et al. 1993a<br/>Xavante 25 16.0 84.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ward et al. 1996<br/>LINGUISTIC CLASSIFICATION<br/>NO-SPECIFIED<br/>Colombians 20 50.0 20.0 25.0 5.0 0.0 Horai et al. 1993<br/>Chileans 45 4.5 22.2 40.0 33.3 0.0 Horai et al. 1993<br/>ANCIENT GROUPS<br/>Norris Farm-Oneota 108 31.5 12.0 42.6 8.3 5.6 Stone and Stoneking 1998<br/>Great Salt Lake Fremont 32 0.0 73.0 13.0 7.0 7.0 Parr et al. 1996<br/>Fig. 2. MtDNA lineage frequencies in Amerindian<br/>populations grouped by broad geographic regions (North,<br/>Central and South America). X haplogroup has only been<br/>found in North America, the black bar in South America<br/>correspond to a lineage described in the Capayas.<br/>population with frequencies up to 12.5% and<br/>would not have been detected with the present<br/>sample size of 24 individuals.<br/>Data on the haplogroup frequencies for other<br/>Amerindian populations have been compiled<br/>from previously published papers, and have been<br/>grouped according to linguistic and geographic<br/>criteria (Table 3). The most obvious pattern of<br/>variation in these frequencies is still geographical,<br/>as some authors have suggested (Merriwether<br/>et al. 1995; Lalueza-Fox, 1996b). When grouped<br/>in the three main geographic entities of the<br/>continent (North American, Central American<br/>and South American Amerinds) marked<br/>differences in the distribution of the mtDNA<br/>lineages can be observed (Fig. 2).<br/>Cloning results<br/>The sequence of the clones obtained for one<br/>sample (no. 163) consistently shows the substitutions<br/>found in the direct sequencing of the<br/>sample (16298 [C] 16325 [C] and 16327 [T]), as<br/>well as some singletons (Fig. 3). Since none of the<br/>singletons are shared in two or more clones, these<br/>most probably correspond to cloning artifacts<br/>and not to template damage and Taq misincorporations;<br/>the latter would yield multiple<br/>clones sharing the substitution (Krings et al.<br/>1997). Thus, the DNA from the no. 163 sample<br/>is remarkably well preserved (only 5 singleton<br/>substitutions in 2864 nucleotides sequenced,<br/>error rate}1000 bp of 1.75). Since there did not<br/>seem to be important taphonomic differences<br/>among samples from the La Caleta site related to<br/>preservation, the cloning results suggest a low<br/>ratio of putative misincorporations due to template<br/>damage and Taq errors in our sample.<br/>Diversity parameters<br/>Nucleotide diversity of the Tainos was estimated<br/>at 0.0084 for the 354 bp fragment; this<br/>value is lower than that found in most of the<br/>146 C. Lalueza-Fox and others<br/>Amerind populations studied; only the Kuna<br/>(0.0092), the Huetar (0.0097) and the Xavante<br/>(0.0083) show a similar level of reduced diversity.<br/>The sequence diversity obtained for the Tainos<br/>was 0.918; in this case, this value is higher than<br/>most of the other Amerind populations, similar<br/>to the Amazonas (0.933), Embera (0.942),<br/>Mapuche (0.912) or Wounan (0.920). In addition,<br/>the Tainos present a bell-shaped pairwise<br/>difference distribution, with a mean value of<br/>2.96, the smallest of the Amerind populations<br/>used for comparison, but close to the values<br/>found in the Xavante (3.00), the Kuna (3.30) and<br/>the Huetar (3.50).<br/>Sequence sharing<br/>Some of the sequences found have been already<br/>described, especially those close to the root of the<br/>D and C haplogroups: (1) 16223 [T] 16325 [C]<br/>16362 [C], (2) 16223 [T] 16298 [C] 16311 [C]<br/>16325 [C] 16327 [T], and (3) 16223 [T] 16298 [C]<br/>16325 [C] 16327 [T]. Interestingly, two previously<br/>undescribed sequences, 16223 [T] 16242<br/>[T] 16311 [C] 16325 [C] 16362 [C] 16400 [T] and<br/>16189 [C] 16223 [T] 16298 [C] 16325 [C] 16327<br/>[T] 16362 [C] are very close to two Mapuche<br/>sequences already described by Ginther et al.<br/>(1993). In addition, 16263 [C] has been described<br/>in a Mongolian individual in association with<br/>some of the substitutions (16223 [T] 16298 [C]<br/>16327 [T]) also found in our sample, while 16254<br/>[G] and 16129 [A] substitutions have been found<br/>in Asian individuals. 16265 [T] is an unusual<br/>substitution although it has been found in some<br/>Panamanian individuals (Kolman & Bermingham,<br/>1997), while 16126 [C] has been widely<br/>described in other populations.<br/>Taino genetic affinities<br/>The results of the principal coordinate analysis<br/>on the mismatch-intermatch genetic distance<br/>matrix are represented in Fig. 4; the ®rst two<br/>principal coordinates account for 68.5% of the<br/>total variance of the genetic distance matrix (the<br/>®rst coordinate accounts for 42.2% and the<br/>second for 26.3%). The neighbor-joining tree<br/>(not shown) displays a topology that re¯ects a<br/>similar structure. It can be observed that most<br/>groups from Central America (the Ngo$be!, Kuna,<br/>Huetar and Quiche) are separated from the other<br/>groups, but related quite closely to one another,<br/>while the Tainos and Yanomami are opposite to<br/>them; in between them are all the other South<br/>American populations as well as the Choco!<br/>speakers from Panama!}Colombia, the Embera<br/>and the Wounan. The Xavante, a group from the<br/>south of Brazil, seem to be the most differentiated<br/>population within South America.<br/>Phylogenetic analysis of sequences<br/>In the median network of the South American<br/>sequences, the Taino individuals tend to be<br/>distributed around the central nodes of the C and<br/>D haplogroups, clustering with or close to the<br/>inferred ancestral sequences, suggesting a relative<br/>antiquity of these sequences. The C haplogroup<br/>median network is clearly star-like (Fig.<br/>5); a visual fact supported by the low values<br/>of kurtosis (0.258³0.778) and skewness<br/>(1.026³0.398) of the network's distribution<br/>branch length (Mateu et al. 1997). This kind of<br/>star-shaped phylogeny suggests a population<br/>expansion (Forster et al. 1996). It can be observed<br/>that most of the Taino sequences are related to<br/>the founding sequence by just one, or very few,<br/>substitutions; the main inconsistencies are due<br/>to reversions in position 16362, which has already<br/>been described as a highly unstable position<br/>(Forster et al. 1996) and has a substitution rate<br/>®ve times higher than the control region average<br/>(Meyer et al. 1999). Interestingly, the longest<br/>branches in the network correspond to sequences<br/>found in the Amazonas region, either in some<br/>Yanomami or in the tribes included within the<br/>`Amazonas' group.<br/>The position of most of the Taino sequences<br/>close to the root and their lack of dispersion<br/>along the network suggests that a population<br/>expansion occurred before the formation of long<br/>branches in South American lineages, and}or<br/>before a very narrow bottleneck in the peopling<br/>mtDNA from extinct Caribbean Indians 147<br/>ANDERSON<br/>CLONE 1A<br/>CLONE 2A<br/>CLONE 3A<br/>CLONE 4A<br/>CLONE 5A<br/>CLONE 6A<br/>CLONE 1B<br/>CLONE 2B<br/>CLONE 3B<br/>CLONE 4B<br/>CLONE 5B<br/>ANDERSON<br/>CLONE 1A<br/>CLONE 2A<br/>CLONE 3A<br/>CLONE 4A<br/>CLONE 5A<br/>CLONE 6A<br/>CLONE 1B<br/>CLONE 2B<br/>CLONE 3B<br/>CLONE 4B<br/>CLONE 5B<br/>Fig. 3. Sequences from clones generated from two different ampli®cations (L16,209-H16,410 and L16,209-<br/>H16,356) of the no. 163 Taino sample. Anderson is the Cambridge reference sequence (Anderson et al. 1981);<br/>substitutions shared in all the clones obtained are C in 16,298, C in 16,325 and T in 16,327.<br/>Fig. 4. Principal Coordinate (PC) Analysis of the distance matrix obtained from Central and South American<br/>populations. The score values have been multiplied by 100. Abbreviations are: AMA, Amazonas, CAY,<br/>Cayapa, EMB, Embera, GAV, Gavia4 o, HUE, Huetar, KUN, Kuna, NGO, Ngo$be!, QUI, Quiche, TAI,<br/>Tainos, WOU, Wounan, XAV, Xavante, YAN, Yanomami, ZOR, Zoro.<br/>of the Antilles. To test whether both putative<br/>population growths correspond to the same<br/>demographic event, we have estimated the<br/>pairwise distribution of the C sequences of the<br/>Taino and one South American population (the<br/>Yanomami), whose distribution may clearly<br/>re¯ect a past population expansion (Harpending<br/>et al. 1993). Since both mean values are quite<br/>different (2.11 for the Tainos and 1.25 for the<br/>Yanomami), this suggests we are observing the<br/>consequences of two population expansions, one<br/>associated to a founding event in the Yanomami<br/>population and another, more ancient, to the<br/>peopling of the Caribbean.<br/>148 C. Lalueza-Fox and others<br/>Fig. 5. Reduced median network of the C haplogroup mtDNA sequences from South America. Taino<br/>sequences are in black; the circles are proportional to the frequency of the sequences they represent and the<br/>substitutions involved in the Taino sequences are listed in the branches. Central node (*) includes sequences<br/>with T in 16,223, C in 16,298, C in 16,325 and T in 16,327.<br/>discussion<br/>The closest phylogenetic affinities of the Tainos<br/>are with South American populations, since high<br/>frequencies of C and D lineages are more common<br/>in South American than in Central or North<br/>American populations, in accordance with the<br/>observed clinal pattern in the geographic distribution<br/>of these lineages along the continent<br/>(Merriwether et al. 1995; Lalueza-Fox, 1996b).<br/>There is little genetic structure among the<br/>Central and South American populations; the<br/>most notable feature seems to be the clustering of<br/>most Central American populations in a distinct<br/>group from the rest. In fact, AMOVA (Analysis<br/>of Molecular Variance) revealed that, when<br/>populations (excluding the Tainos) were divided<br/>into Central and Southern American, the<br/>difference among sub-continents accounted for<br/>10.8% of the genetic variance (signi®cantly<br/>different from zero; p¯0.00196), while 13.05%<br/>of the genetic variance could be explained by<br/>differences among the populations in each subcontinent.<br/>Geography, considered in a latitudinal<br/>sense, is probably the main differentiating factor<br/>in the genetic history of the Amerind populations,<br/>the main exception being the Tainos.<br/>Considering the position of the Tainos in the<br/>genetic analysis, it is clear that, despite being<br/>geographically close to the Central American<br/>groups, their affinities are with South American<br/>groups. In particular, the closest group to the<br/>Tainos are the Yanomami, the only South<br/>American sample available near the Orinoco<br/>Valley, a suggested area for the Taino ancestors<br/>(Rouse, 1986). The Taino sequences cluster close<br/>to the ancestral founding sequences in the<br/>median network analyses; this suggests a considerable<br/>antiquity for the origin of the mtDNA<br/>variation found in the pre-Columbian Caribbean<br/>populations and a narrow bottleneck in the<br/>founding population.<br/>In the genetic analyses, the Tainos do not seem<br/>to be particularly close to the other EquatorianmtDNA<br/>from extinct Caribbean Indians 149<br/>Tucanoan speakers, the Zoro and the Gavia4o;<br/>instead, they cluster close to the Yanomami, who<br/>have a Chibcha-Paezan language. However, the<br/>grouping of the three Chibchan-speaker groups<br/>(Kuna, Huetar and Ngo$be!) could either be<br/>attributed to geographic or linguistic affinities.<br/>Therefore, although the three-migration hypothesis<br/>of Greenberg et al. (1986) for the Americas is<br/>not supported by genetic data, the correlation<br/>between language and mtDNA variation in<br/>particular areas, like Central America, may be<br/>noticeable.<br/>It has been suggested that some archaic<br/>archaeological horizons in the Antilles, such as<br/>the Casimiroid ¯ints, originated in Central<br/>America, which would indicate a population<br/>movement from Yucatan into Cuba and<br/>Hispaniola, maybe around 5000 bc. (Rouse,<br/>1986). In contrast, the subsequent Ceramic<br/>traditions in the Caribbean can be traced back to<br/>the Orinoco Valley in South America, and most<br/>probably correspond to a movement of people<br/>still ancestral to the Tainos migration into the<br/>Caribbean. It is unknown whether these migrating<br/>people replaced or mixed with preexisting<br/>populations; however, the absence in<br/>the Tainos of the A and B haplogroups, that<br/>have high frequencies in Central American<br/>populations, points to an extensive replacement<br/>of the ancestral Caribbean populations. Also,<br/>some contacts between the Caribbean groups and<br/>Central American populations have been<br/>suggested in more recent times (maybe from<br/>1000 b.c. to Columbian times), especially to<br/>explain the diffusion of ball-court structures very<br/>similar to those found in Maya cultures (Rouse,<br/>1986). Despite the possible existence of some<br/>contacts with Central America, the genetic<br/>impact of these should have been quite small,<br/>again given the absence of the A and B lineages.<br/>The Tainos seem to be one of the Amerind<br/>groups studied so far with lowest genetic diversity.<br/>Reduced mtDNA diversity has also been<br/>described in some groups from Panama and<br/>Costa Rica, like the Huetar, Ngo$be! and Kuna<br/>(Santos et al. 1994; Kolman et al. 1995; Batista et<br/>al. 1995), and has been attributed to either postcontact<br/>demographic decline or a small founding<br/>population (Kolman et al. 1995). In the case of<br/>the Tainos, as they predate the Spanish contact,<br/>the reduced genetic diversity has to be attributed<br/>to the ethnogenesis of this people. Taking into<br/>consideration that they were almost at the end of<br/>the Caribbean migration arch, most probably<br/>this is a re¯ection of one or more demographic<br/>bottlenecks which occurred during the peopling<br/>of the Caribbean.<br/>This research was supported by Direccio!n General de<br/>Investigacio!n Cientõ!®ca y Te!cnica in Spain (project PB-<br/>98±1064). We are grateful to J. Mishari Al-Adwani for<br/>correcting the English manuscript and to two anonymous<br/>referees for their helpful comments.<br/>references<br/>Anderson, S., Bankier, A. T., Barrell, B. G., de Brujin,<br/>M. H. L., Coulson, A. R., Drouin, J., Eperon, I. C.,<br/>Nierlich, D. P., Roe, B. A., Sanger, F., Schreier, P. H.,<br/>Smith, A. J. H., Staden, R. & Young, I. G. (1981).<br/>Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial<br/>genome. Nature 290, 457±465.<br/>Avise, J. C. (1986). Mitochondrial DNA and the evolutionary<br/>genetics of higher animals. Phil. Trans. R.<br/>Soc. Lond. B 312. 325±342.<br/>Bailliet, G., Rothhammer, F., Carnese, F. R., Bravi, C.<br/>M. & Bianchi, N. O. (1994). Founder Mitochondrial<br/>Haplotypes in Amerindian Populations. Am. J. Hum.<br/>Genet. 54, 27±33.<br/>Bandelt, H. J., Forster, P., Sykes, B. C. & Richards, M.<br/>B. (1995). Mitochondrial portraits of human populations<br/>using median networks. Genetics 141, 743±753.<br/>Batista, O., Kolman, C. J. & Bermingham, E. (1995).<br/>Mitochondrial DNA diversity in the Kuna Amerinds of<br/>Panama!. Hum. Mol. Genet. 4 (5), 921±929.<br/>Boles, T. C., Snow, C. C. & Stover, E. (1995). Forensic<br/>DNA Testing on Skeletal Remains from Mass Graves:<br/>A Pilot Study in Guatemala. J. For. Sci. 40 (3),<br/>349±355.<br/>Crawford, M. H. (1992). AntropologõUa bioloUgica de los<br/>Indios Americanos. Madrid, Spain: Col. MAPFRE.<br/>Excoffier, L., Smouse, P. E. & Quattro, J. M. (1992).<br/>Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric<br/>distance among DNA haplotypes: application to<br/>human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics<br/>131 (2), 474±491.<br/>Forster, P., Harding, R., Torroni, A. & Bandelt, H. J.<br/>(1996). Origin and Evolution of Native American<br/>mtDNA Variation: A Reappraisal. Am. J. Hum. Genet.<br/>59, 935±945.<br/>Ginther, C., Corach, D., Penacino, G. A., Rey, J. A.,<br/>Carnese, F. H., Hutz, M. H., Anderson, A., Just, J.,<br/>Salzano, F. M. & King, M.-C. (1993). Genetic variation<br/>among the Mapuche Indians from the Patagonian<br/>region of Argentina: Mitochondrial DNA sequence<br/>variation and allele frequencies of several nuclear<br/>150 C. Lalueza-Fox and others<br/>genes. In DNA ®ngerprinting: state of the science (eds.<br/>S. D. J. Pena, R. Chakraborty, J. T. Epplen & A. J.<br/>Jeffreys), pp. 211±219. Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag<br/>Basel.<br/>Greenberg, J., Turner II, C. G. & Zegura, S. L. (1986).<br/>The settlement of the Americas: a comparison of the<br/>linguistic, dental and genetic evidence. Curr. Anthrop.<br/>4, 477±497.<br/>Greenberg, J. (1987). Language in the Americas. Stanford,<br/>CA: Stanford University Press.<br/>Handt, O., Krings, M., Ward, R. H., & Pa$<br/>a$<br/>bo, S. (1996).<br/>The retrieval of ancient human DNA sequences. Am.<br/>J. Hum. Genet. 59, 368±376.<br/>Harpending, H. C., Sherry, S. T., Rogers, A. R. &<br/>Stoneking, M. (1993). The genetic structure of ancient<br/>human populations. Curr. Anthrop. 34, 483±496.<br/>Horai, S., Kondo, R., Nakagawa-Hattori, Y., Hayashi,<br/>S., Sonoda, S., & Tajima, K. (1993). Peopling of the<br/>Americas, founded by four major lineages of mitochondrial<br/>DNA. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10, 23±47.<br/>Ho$ ss, M. & Pa$<br/>a$<br/>bo, S. (1993). DNA extraction from<br/>Pleistocene bones and analysis by a silica-based<br/>puri®cation method. Nucleic Acid Res. 21, 3913±3914.<br/>Kiple, K. F. (1984). The Caribbean Slave: A Biological<br/>History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<br/>Kolman, C. J., Berminghman, E., Cooke, R., Ward, R.<br/>H. &rias, T. D. & Guionneau-Sinclair, F. (1995).<br/>Reduced mtDNA diversity in the Ngo$be! Amerinds<br/>from Panama. Genetics 140, 275±283.<br/>Kolman, C. J. & Bermingham, E. (1997). Mitochondrial<br/>and nuclear DNA diversity in the Choco and Chibcha<br/>Amerinds of Panama. Genetics 147 (3), 1289±1302.<br/>Krings, M., Stone, A., Schmitz, R. W., Krainitzki, H.,<br/>Stoneking, M. & Pa$<br/>a$<br/>bo, S. (1997). Neandertal DNA<br/>sequences and the origin of modern humans. Cell 90,<br/>19±30.<br/>Lalueza-Fox, C. (1996a). Ancient mtDNA analysis in<br/>extinct aborigines from Tierra del Fuego}Patagonia.<br/>Ancient Biomolecules 1, 43±54.<br/>Lalueza-Fox, C. (1996b). Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups<br/>in four tribes from Tierra del Fuego-Patagonia:<br/>inferences about the peopling of the Americas. Hum.<br/>Biol. 68, 855±871.<br/>Mateu, E., Comas, D., Calafell, F., Perez-Lezaun, A.,<br/>Abade, A. & Bertranpetit, J. (1997). A tale of two<br/>islands: population history and mitochondrial DNA<br/>sequence variation of Bioko and Sa4o Tome!, Gulf of<br/>Guinea. Ann. Hum. Genet. 61, 507±518.<br/>Merriwether, D. A., Rothhammer, F. & Ferell, R. E.<br/>(1995). Distribution of the four-founding lineage<br/>haplotypes in native Americans suggests a single wave<br/>of migration for the New World. Am. J. Phys.<br/>Anthropol. 98, 411±430.<br/>Merriwether, D. A. & Ferell, R. E. (1996). The four<br/>founding lineage hypothesis for the New World: a<br/>critical reevaluation. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 5 (1), 241±246.<br/>Meyer, S. Weiss, G. & Haeseler, A.v. (1999). Pattern of<br/>nucleotide substitution and rate heterogeneity in the<br/>hypervariable regions I and II of human mtDNA.<br/>Genetics 152, 1103±1110.<br/>Monsalve, M. V. & Hagelberg, E. (1997). Mitochondrial<br/>DNA polymorphisms in Carib people of Belize. Proc. R.<br/>Soc. Lond. B., 264, 1217±1224.<br/>Nei, M. (1987). Molecular evolutionary genetics. New York,<br/>NY: Columbia University Press.<br/>Pa$a$<br/>bo, S. (1989). Ancient DNA: Extraction, characterization,<br/>molecular cloning, and enzymatic ampli-<br/>®cation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 1939±1943.<br/>Parr, R. L., Carlyle, S. W., & O'Rourke, D. H. (1996).<br/>Ancient DNA analysis of Fremont Amerindians of the<br/>Great Salt Lake Wetlands. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.<br/>99, 507±518.<br/>Rickards, O., Martinez-Labarga, C., Lum, J. K., De<br/>Stefano, G. F. & Cann, R. L. (1999). Mitochondrial<br/>DNA history of the Cayapa Amerinds of Ecuador:<br/>detection of additional founding lineages for the native<br/>American populations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65,<br/>519±530.<br/>Rogers, A. R. & Harpending, H. (1992). Population<br/>growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise<br/>genetic differences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 9, 552±569.<br/>Rouse, I. (1986). Migrations in Prehistory: Inferring<br/>Population Movement from Cultural Remains. New<br/>Haven: Yale University Press.<br/>Rouse, I. (1993). The Tainos: Rise and Decline of the<br/>People who greeted Columbus. New Haven: Yale<br/>University Press.<br/>Ruhlen, M. (1991). A guide to the world's languages.<br/>Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.<br/>Santos, M., Ward, R. H. & Barrantes, R. (1994). MtDNA<br/>variation in the Chibcha Amerindian Huetar from<br/>Costa Rica. Hum. Biol. 66, 963±977.<br/>Santos, S. E., Ribeiro-Dos-Santos, A. K., Meyer, D. &<br/>Zago, M. A. (1996). Multiple founder haplotypes of<br/>mitochondrial DNA in Amerindians revealed by RFLP<br/>and sequencing. Ann. Hum. Genet. 60 (4), 305±319.<br/>Schneider, S., Roessh, D. & Excoffier, L. (2000). Arlequin<br/>ver. 2000. A software for population genetics data<br/>analysis. Laboratorie d'Anthropologie, Universite! de<br/>Ge#ne!ve. Geneva, Switzerland.<br/>Schurr, T. G., Ballinger, S. W., Gan, Y. Y., Hodge, J. A.,<br/>Merriwether, D. A., Lawrence, D. N., Knowler, W. C.,<br/>Weiss, K. M. & Wallace, D. C. (1990). Amerindian<br/>mitocondrial DNAs have rare Asian mutations at high<br/>frequencies suggesting they derived from four primary<br/>maternal lineages. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 46, 613±623.<br/>Stone, A. C. & Stoneking, M. (1998). MtDNA analysis of<br/>a prehistoric Oneota population: implications for the<br/>peopling of the New World. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62,<br/>1153±1170.<br/>Stoneking, M. (1993). DNA and recent human evolution.<br/>Evol. Anthropol. 2 (2). 60±73.<br/>Torroni, A., Schurr, T. G., Yang, C.-C., Szathmary, E. J.<br/>E., Williams, R. C., Schan®eld, M. S., Troup, G. A.,<br/>Knowler, W. C., Lawrence, D. N., Weiss, K. M. &<br/>Wallace, D. C. (1992). Native American mitochondrial<br/>DNA analysis indicates that the Amerind and NaDene<br/>populations were founded by two independent<br/>migrations. Genetics 130, 153±162.<br/>Torroni, A., Schurr, T. G., Cabell, M. F., Brown, M. D.,<br/>Neel, J. V., Larsen, M., Smith, D. G., Vullo, C. M. &<br/>Wallace, D. C. (1993a). Asian Affinities and Continental<br/>Radiation of the Four Founding Native<br/>American mtDNAs. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 53, 563±590.<br/>Torroni, A., Sukernik, R. I., Schurr, T. G.,<br/>Starikovskaya, Y. B., Cabell, M. F., Crawford, M. H.,<br/>Comuzzie, A. G. & Wallace, D. C. (1993b). mtDNA<br/>Variation of Aboriginal Siberians Reveals Distinct<br/>Genetic Affinities with Native Americans. Am. J. Hum.<br/>Genet. 53, 591±608.<br/>mtDNA from extinct Caribbean Indians 151<br/>Torroni, A., Neel, J. V., Barrantes, R., Schurr, T. G. &<br/>Wallace, D. C. (1994). Mitochondrial DNA ``clock'' for<br/>the Amerinds and its implications for timing their<br/>entry into North America. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA<br/>91, 1158±1162.<br/>Ubelaker, D. H. (1992). Prehistoric New World population<br/>size : Historical review and current appraisal of<br/>North American estimates. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 45,<br/>661±666.<br/>Ward, R. H., Frazier, B. L., Dew-Jager, K. & Pa$<br/>a$<br/>bo, S.<br/>(1991). Extensive mitochondrial diversity within a<br/>single Amerindian tribe. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88,<br/>1±5.<br/>Ward, R. H., Redd, A., Valencia, D., Frazier, B. L. &<br/>Pa$a$<br/>bo, S. (1993). Genetic and linguistic differentiation<br/>in the Americas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90,<br/>10663±10667.<br/>Ward, R. H., Salzano, F. M., Bonatto, S. L., Hultz, M.<br/>H., Coimbra, Jr C. E. A. & Santos, R. V. (1996).<br/>Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in three Brazilian<br/>Indian Tribes. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 8, 317±323.<br/>Wrischnik, L. A., Higuchi, R. G., Stoneking, M., Erlich,<br/>H. A., Arnheim, N. & Wilson, A. C. (1987). Length<br/>mutations in human mitochondrial DNA: direct<br/>sequencing of enzymatically ampli®ed DNA. Nucleic<br/>Acids Res. 8, 529±542.</p>The Guanahatabey, New Data - New Vistas, Old Conceptualizations Revisitedtag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2014-09-02:2030313:BlogPost:1058752014-09-02T19:58:40.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
<p><span>The Guanahatabey, New Data - New Vistas, Old </span><br></br><span> Conceptualizations Revisited</span><br></br><span> John J. Browne Ayes, Author of Juan Ponce de Leon His New And Revised Genealogy</span><br></br><br></br><span> The Guanahuatabey were a distinct people and spoke a different language from the classic Taino. Thus, they were different from the Taino racially and probably have their ancestry within a different tribal group that migrated from…</span></p>
<p><span>The Guanahatabey, New Data - New Vistas, Old </span><br/><span> Conceptualizations Revisited</span><br/><span> John J. Browne Ayes, Author of Juan Ponce de Leon His New And Revised Genealogy</span><br/><br/><span> The Guanahuatabey were a distinct people and spoke a different language from the classic Taino. Thus, they were different from the Taino racially and probably have their ancestry within a different tribal group that migrated from Central America thousands of years ago. </span><br/><br/><span> Another thing to consider here is that the Guanatabey came to the Caribbean by sea 8,000 years ago and then a second wave of them came to the islands 4,000 years later. </span><br/><br/><span> Anthropolical scienists perfer to classify the most ancient Indigenous inhabitants of Puerto Rico with name tags that cause confusion within the general public. Later on in this essay I will elucidate more about how the Guanahatabey got tagged as Ciboney. </span><br/><br/><span> My mother's and grand mother's MtDNA were tested and as a result, my own MtDNA matched the MtDNA of the Guanahuatabey of western Cuba and what is now the Dominican Republic. These are my oldest ancestors to date. </span><br/><br/><span>Reniel Rodriguez Ramos states in his paper:</span><br/><br/><span>From the Guanahatabey to the Archaic of Puerto Rico: The Nonevident Evidence</span><br/><span>Reniel Rodríguez Ramos</span><br/><span>Universidad de Puerto Rico-Utuado</span><br/><span>Abstract</span><br/><br/><span> "Some of the early Spanish chronicles make reference to the presence of cave dwellers inhabiting the westernmost section of Cuba as well as the Guacayarima Peninsula in southwestern Haiti. These people, who supposedly lived marginal to Taino society, were named the Guanahatabey or Ciboney culture. The different descriptions of those groups shared elements that were later adopted uncritically in the construction of the social and cultural aspects of the so-called archaic culture tradition of Puerto Rico. Although half a millennium later the tendency to assign every aceramic deposit to the Ciboney or Guanahatabey culture has been overcome, most of the notions implicit in these descriptions remain current in the generalized vision of these societies. In this work, I analyze the implications that these early accounts have had on the development of our perception of the archaic culture of Puerto Rico and contrast them against the archaeological data generated thus far, which tend to indicate a much more complex scenario than that originally proposed."</span><br/><br/><span>To read the full article as written by Mr. Ramos:</span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.cubaarqueologica.org/document/rrr02.pdf" class="ot-anchor aaTEdf">http://www.cubaarqueologica.org/document/rrr02.pdf</a><br/><br/><span>It is interesting to note that Mr. Ramos quotes the work of my cousin, Carlos Ayes Suarez who is an archeologist within his work.</span><br/><br/><span> My oldest ancestors do not have any names, just numbers that were assigned by lab technicians who performed the studies so I have taken the liberty of naming them by their tribal name.</span><br/><br/><span> The Haplo Group of my Ancestors is C.</span><br/><span>Their matching sequences:</span><br/><span>16223T</span><br/><span>np 16298C</span><br/><span>np 16325C</span><br/><span>np 16327T</span><br/><br/><span>Lab numbers:</span><br/><span>Cuba:</span><br/><span>7145</span><br/><span>C317</span><br/><br/><span>Lab Numbers:</span><br/><span>Dominican Republic:</span><br/><span>154</span><br/><span>182</span><br/><span>71</span><br/><span>48</span><br/><span>191</span><br/><br/><span> Base Positions were compared to the Cambridge reference sequence Anderson et al. 1981.</span><br/><br/><span>Source:</span><br/><span>Mitochondrial DNA from Pre-Columbian Ciboneys From Cuba and the Prehistoric Colonization of the Caribbean. C. lalueza-Fox, M.T.P. Gilbert, A.J. Martinez Fuentes, F. Calafell and J. Bertranpetit</span><br/><br/><span>Source:</span><br/><span>MtDNA from Extinct Tainos and the Peopling of the Caribbean.</span><br/><span>C. lalueza Fox, F. Luna Calderon, F. Calafell, B. Morera and J. Bertranpetit</span><br/><br/><span> I also want to point out that I also have a family verbal history that informed me that both sides of my mother's family, maternal and paternal, had ancestry within the Indigenous. For some that verbal history is enough. But I wanted definitive proof that my family verbal history was founded upon truth.</span><br/><br/><span> Also know that my discovery and research has arisen out from negative comments stating that we as descendants of the ancient people who populated the Caribbean wouldn't be able to find our ancestors. In the same token I was also informed that I wouldn't be able to find who my Spaniard ancestors were. My research and consequent discoveries and the resultant family trees are my way proving that those who wrote and spoke those negative comments were dead wrong.</span><br/><br/><span> What I am trying to point out is that we all can go back to find our ancestral roots, one way or the other, through genealogy, historical paper trails or through scientific DNA testing we can come to know who our ancestors were.....providing we really set our minds to it.</span><br/><br/><span> In any case, here is the family tree of those bones whose mtDNA were tested. </span><br/><br/><span>Descendants of :</span><br/><span>Guanahatabey I PRCID equals Pre Columbian Indigenous Descendants).</span><br/><span>The skeletons that were discovered within the cave whose HVR1 mtDNA matched were a family group and shared a common maternal ancestor.</span><br/><br/><br/><span>Generation 1</span><br/><br/><span>1. Guanahatabey I (PRCID) was born 1990 AD in Canimar, Perico, Cuba and died in Canimar, Perico, Cuba. He married Ciboney Guanajuatabey II (PRCID). She was born 1990 AD in Canimar, Perico, Cave, Cuba and died in Canimar, Perico, Cave, Cuba.</span><br/><span>Other events in the life of Ciboney Guanajuatabey I (PRCID)</span><br/><span>Burial: in Canimar, Perico, Cave, Cuba</span><br/><br/><span>Descendants of Ciboney Guanajuatabey I (PRCID) and Ciboney Guanajuatabey II (PRCID):</span><br/><br/><span>i. Guanahatabey I was born 0670 in La Caleta, Dominican Republic and died in La Caleta, Dominican Republic</span><br/><span>ii. Guanahatabey II was born 0670 in La Caleta, Dominican Republic and died in La Caleta, Dominican Republic</span><br/><span>iii. Guanahatabey III was born 0670 in La Caleta, Dominican Republic and died in La Caleta, Dominican Republic</span><br/><span>iv. Guanahatabey IV was born 0670 in La Caleta, Dominican Republic and died in La Caleta, Dominican Republic</span><br/><span>v. Guanahatabey V was born 0670 in La Caleta, Dominican Republic and died in La Caleta, Dominican Republic.</span><br/><br/><span>Many generations later their sequence match was revealed within my grand mother's mtDNA.</span><br/><span>So next in line in the family tree above would be,</span><br/><span>vi Juana Maldonado y Maldonado, and her maternal lineage.</span><br/><br/><span>The bones that were found in La Caleta were related to one another since they were buried in a group burial. The "family tree" above is a theoretical one. </span><br/><br/><span>One has to take into consideration that the DNA scientists were not able to extract any yDNA from those bone samples, but for some odd reason were able to extract maternal DNA from them.</span><br/><br/><span>To date I have not found any scientific papers relative to yDNA and mtDNA from the Ponce dig a few years ago. In the same token Martinez Cruxado has not released the actual sequence numbers from his particular DNA studies performed in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. I often wonder why he has not.</span><br/><br/><span>In any case, all we have to date are the sequences I have listed above for Haplo Group C from the Guanaatabey tribal group, otherwise known as los arcaicos, the archaics.</span><br/><br/><span>Another point of consideration: Despite the many generations of the overwriting of the Indigenous yDNA it is still embedded somewhere deep within our Human Genome. </span><br/><br/><span>Something is amiss within the halls of genetic science regarding our Indigenous heritage. </span><br/><br/><span>I present this argument before you today:</span><br/><br/><span>Genetic science has come a very long way since its beginnings. It can tell if some of us have within our ancestral genes sequences that belonged to the Neanderthal people who lived millions of years ago. </span><br/><br/><span>Genetic scientists have bent over backwards to extract genetic material from fossilized Neanderthal assemblages, They also have bent over backwards to test modern humans to search for those Neanderthal sequences and have found them embedded deeply within some of the Neanderthal's descendants today. </span><br/><br/><span>Then why is it those same scientists can not tell us where our Indigenous ancestry is within our genetics and what tribe it arises from specifically???</span><br/><br/><span>For those of you who have read my most recent posts on the Guanahatabey and have not followed the URL provided, I have written a summary essay on those papers and am sharing it with you.</span><br/><br/><span>I am very excited because I have found papers containing new data on my Indigenous ancestors the Guanahatabey.</span><br/><br/><span>As always new archeological digs equal new information updating and filling out their life style with more information revising sixty to seventy years old data.</span><br/><br/><br/><span>1: It was surmised before that the Guanahatabey were pure savages, living off the land and hunting as well as fishing were their only means of survival. </span><br/><br/><span>2: It was also thought that the Arawak speaking tribes, the Carib and the Taino were the ones responsible for transporting manioc, cassava and corn to the Caribbean.</span><br/><br/><span>3: It was surmised that the Guanahatabey were not into ceramics.</span><br/><br/><span>4: It was thought that the Guanahatabey lived in small groups and were nomadic.</span><br/><br/><span>New data:</span><br/><br/><span>Archaeologists found several middens, piles of garbage that contained ceramics, corn, cassava, manioc and sopapilla in Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Dominican Republic. The Guanahatabey flint working skills were very sophisticated, other middens in other parts of the same places were bereft of ceramics and flint tools. They also found basket work as well as finely ground tools made from shells. Fish hooks, cutting tools, beads and scrapers made from shells. The size of the middens they found were very large as well as the sites they were on This Indicated that the Guanahatabey traveled in large groups and traveled from somewhere else that was more permanent. These sites were temporary camp grounds used for gathering and hunting.</span><br/><br/><span>From all the data that was found archaeologists and anthropologists have revised the old data about the Guanahatabey. The old data was based upon the old Spanish accounts from de Oviedo, de Velazquez and de las Casas accounts of the Guanahatabey. The Spanish view was tainted with the old school of thought of people living au naturale, or within the "Golden Age" concept which was based on an subsistence way of living within nature. </span><br/><br/><span>The old accounts relate that when a group of Guanahatabey were contacted by the Spanish they would listen for a bit and then run away into the jungles shunning the Spanish and their interpreters. When one looks at this encounter one sees a very deep wisdom borne out of extreme caution arising from all the negative accounts of how the Spanish had been treating other Indigenous people at the time. </span><br/><br/><span>It is true that the Guanahatabey did speak a dialect that was unintelligable to the Lucayo interpreter at the time. Old archaeological and old anthropological studies were colored by the old Spanish accounts, (Alegria and Rouse) and as a result transfered the old data into their studies and papers. A lot of old sites that might have belonged to the Guanahatabey were lost because of the erroneous presumption that if the sites had ceramics they could not belong to the Guanahatabey who had been classed as an archaic and savage people. Ceramic shards found at those old sites were considered intrusions within the old layer of assemblages.</span><br/><br/><span>All this new data has been derived from the new generation of anthropologists and archaeologists who have been looking at sites with new and fresh eyes and out looks. </span><br/><br/><span>Yes, all the new data arising from these new findings have been tried and tested using carbon dating of assemblages as well as DNA testing of vegetal assemblages dug up from the middens. It has been discovered that the corn, manioc and cassava DNA match those of vegetal assemblages found in Central America. Unfortunately the writers of these papers have not pin pointed where in Central America the vegetal and root assemblages DNA match.</span><br/><br/><span>So, the new data that is coming out of these studies have been monumental informing us that the Guanahatabey were a founding people who brought corn, manioc and cassava to the Caribbean islands. One can theorize that they also brought with them the concept of the Caribbean Indigenous religous belief in Atabey, Earth Mother and her son Yucahu. </span><br/><br/><span>It is very unfortunate that their language has been lost to us, Perhaps someday a genealogist or a historian researcher will find an old Spanish document that contains the rudimentary elements of the Guanahatabey language.</span><br/><br/><span>All this data is important to me because the Guanahatabey are my genetic ancestors via mtDNA.</span><br/><br/><span>Sources:</span><br/><br/><span>Carlos Ayes Suarez, Angostura: Un campamiento arcaico tempano del valle Maunatabon, Bo, Florida Afuera, Barceloneta, Puerto Rico.</span><br/><br/><span>Raniel Rodriuez Ramos, From the Guanahatabey to the Archaic of Puerto Rico.</span><br/><br/><span>Joshua M. Torres, The Social Construction of Community, Polity, and Place in Ancient Puerto Rico (AD 600 – AD 1200.)</span><br/><br/><span>Awhile back I have asked that Family Tree DNA change my mtDNA kit status from Taino to Guanahatabey. They never did. Now I am very motivated to begin the process again since I have C. Lalueza Fox's scientific paper and copies of these papers in my possession.</span><br/><br/><span>In 2005 - 2006 was the time I was asked to present scientific papers to FTDNA to prove that my mtDNA sequences were derived from the Taino people. As a result of that they were convinced enough to change my mtDNA kit to reflect that ancestry. Today I see that was an error because my mtDNA Haplogroup C does in fact arise from the Guanahatabey, not the Taino who are a part of the Arawak speaking tribes who came up from South America. They, the Taino are a distinct and different tribe from the Guanahatabey people. </span><br/><br/><span>Those persons that are C1, C2 within my Family Tree DNA match pages just might be the descendants of the Taino women who were enslaved by the Spanish.</span><br/><br/><span>Diego Velazquez, (John Browne Ayes, Diego Velazquez, Archivo: Archivo General de Indias Signatura: PATRONATO,178,R.1) in a letter dated 1514 to king Ferdinand called the Indigenous people he encountered, Guaniguanico and the others he encountered were specifically named, the Guanajatabibes. These Indians were not named by Velazquez. He was using the names that they called themselves as a tribal people. </span><br/><br/><span>Cosculluela, J.A. in his writing, Prehistoric Cultures of Cuba, 1946,</span><br/><span>began questioning the name tag of Ciboney that had been applied to the Guanahatabey. He insisted that the correct name should be Guanahatabey the name used by Velazquez in his letter to the king. Ciboney was incorrect because it had been derived from the Arawak name for stone, ciba. In fact, Frey de las Casas made a specific reference to Taino subgroups that had been enslaved calling them, Ciboney. (Rodriguez Ramos 2014).</span><br/><br/><span>What sets the Guanahatabey apart from the Taino people was the Guanahatabey's use of caves and sink holes for shelter and burial, extended burials of specific family members, an absence of cranial deformation, use of hematite, red ochre and artifacts created from flint, shell and conch.</span><br/><br/><span>Contributions</span><br/><br/><span>The protien food stuffs of the Guanahatabey were, wild fish, wild pig, snakes, birds, and monkeys. </span><br/><br/><span>The fruits that the Guanahatabey ate are interesting to note here because they included, yellow sapote and Sapopilla trees that had been imported from Mexico and the Caribbean coast of Central America. Also included in the Guanahatabey diet were root stuffs, manioc, maize, and sweet potatoes. </span><br/><br/><span>(Pagan et al, 2005), recently recovered starch grains of the aforementioned cultigens from the root stuffs. All were thought to have been introduced to the Caribbean by Awarak immigrants. The starch grains of cultigens found on edge ground stones and mano assemblages from pre Arawak sites in Puerto Rico dated early as 3200 BP! Other finds in and around caribbean places date back as early as 7,000 BP!</span><br/><span>(Newsom 1993)</span><br/><br/><span>Ceramic assemblages that were discovered in the Dominican Republic date back to 4110 BP proving that the Guanahatabey made and used pottery way before the arrival of the Taino to the Caribbean islands. In Puerto Rico ceramic pottery designs created by the Guanahatabey show signature design elements that have been replicated consistently within the later Taino Ceramics.(Rodriguez Ramos 2014).</span><br/><br/><span>Before it was thought that the Guanahatebey's social structure was simple, that of a hunter gatherer, de Oviedo's writings inform that everything that the Guanahatabey owned and had, no matter what it was, belonged to everyone. (Rodriguez Ramos, 2014).</span><br/><br/><br/><span>(Ayes Suarez 1993), In Angostura, he took notice of a marked shift from acquistion from local resources to that of an outside source for raw materials for flaked tool production. This might point to a trade partnership at a regional level between Guanahatabey tribal groups.</span><br/><span>Suarez Ayes 1993 also discovered two middens that were set apart from each other in what seemed to be a permanent Guanahatabey settlement. (Not enough data has been gathered regarding post hole discoveries at the site that might have been used for permanent dwellings).</span><br/><br/><span>It seems that on those occasions that the Guanahatabey were encountered by Columbus, de Velazquez and las Casas the Guanahatabey might have been using those cave and sink hole places as tempoary encampments during hunting and fishing forays. </span><br/><br/><span>(Rouse, Alegria), theorized that the Guanahatabey might have migrated to the Caribbean islands using crudely constructed rafts. Those theories don't hold up because rafts would not have been able to withstand the rigors of ocean travel. Today the assemblages that comprise flint tools and clam shells that were used as scrapers, burins and hatchets hint at a more complex boat construction processes. The Guanahatabey might have used canoes in their sea travels.</span><br/><br/><span>As more sites are being discovered more new data is coming to the forefront about the Guanahatabey's technology, and social - poitical modes. Today's data proves that the Guanahatabey were not so savage afterall.</span></p>Lecture at the College of Ana G. Mendez in OrlandoFloridatag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2013-10-13:2030313:BlogPost:1003012013-10-13T14:17:42.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
<p>Yesterday I gave a lecture at the college of Ana G. Mendez in Orlando, Florida. The lecture pointed out errors within the history and genealogy of Don Juan Ponce de Leon, the survival of the Indigenous people, the Taino and the Guanahatabey of the Caribbean Islands of Cuba, Isla Hispanola and Isla de San Juan de Puerto Rico survived and left maternal genetic descendants despite the destruction and abuse they suffered during the conquest of the aforementioned islands. </p>
<p>At the end of…</p>
<p>Yesterday I gave a lecture at the college of Ana G. Mendez in Orlando, Florida. The lecture pointed out errors within the history and genealogy of Don Juan Ponce de Leon, the survival of the Indigenous people, the Taino and the Guanahatabey of the Caribbean Islands of Cuba, Isla Hispanola and Isla de San Juan de Puerto Rico survived and left maternal genetic descendants despite the destruction and abuse they suffered during the conquest of the aforementioned islands. </p>
<p>At the end of the lecture I was surprised by Ms. Palmira Ulbinas when she presented me with a special Congressional Recognition Certificate signed by Congressman Alan Grayson. The lecture was derived from the Archival documentation and reference documentation within my book, Juan Ponce de Leon His New And Revised Genealogy.<a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803908357?profile=original" target="_self"><img width="750" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803908357?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750" class="align-left"/></a></p>The Ancestry Of Puerto Ricanstag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2012-05-17:2030313:BlogPost:862452012-05-17T15:00:00.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
<p>My latest discovery within my genealogy is the Legrand.</p>
<p>Jean Baptiste Legrand immigrated from New Orleans to Puerto Rico during the early 1800's when the Spanish royals had issued what was called Cedula de Gracia. To qualify the immigrant had to have had baptism within the catholic church. the immigrants were then granted land as well as official citizenship in the Spanish province of Puerto Rico. </p>
<p> </p>
<p>My other grandfather, Jean Louis Ales also immigrated to Puerto Rico…</p>
<p>My latest discovery within my genealogy is the Legrand.</p>
<p>Jean Baptiste Legrand immigrated from New Orleans to Puerto Rico during the early 1800's when the Spanish royals had issued what was called Cedula de Gracia. To qualify the immigrant had to have had baptism within the catholic church. the immigrants were then granted land as well as official citizenship in the Spanish province of Puerto Rico. </p>
<p> </p>
<p>My other grandfather, Jean Louis Ales also immigrated to Puerto Rico during the early 1800's from the island of Saint Thomas He too was French.</p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803904853?profile=original" target="_self"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803904853?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Jean Baptiste Legrand was born in Soissons, France during the year of 1771. He died in Guayama, in the year of 1832. When he was living in New Orleans he had bought and sold many slaves. Before he immigrated to New Orleans he resided on the French province of Jeremie, Haiti, the paroisse of L' Arcahaye.</p>
<p><strong>Source:</strong></p>
<p>Name: Juan Bautista Legran Year: 1816 Place: Puerto Rico Source Publication Code: 1168 Primary Immigrant: Legran, Juan Bautista Annotation: History of 19th century immigration to Puerto Rico. Social and geographical analysis of the immigrants. Part 3 includes an alphabetical list of the names of settlers, year of arrival or stay, and, when available, occupation, place of origin, family, date Source Bibliography: CIFRE DE LOUBRIEL, ESTELA. La Inmigracion a Puerto Rico Durante el Siglo XIX, San Juan de Puerto Rico: Insituto de Cultura Puertorriquena, 1964. 441p. Page: 214</p>
<p><strong>Source Citation</strong>: Place: Puerto Rico; Year: 1816; Page Number: 214.</p>
<p><strong>Source Information:</strong></p>
<p>Gale Research. Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc, 2010.</p>
<p>Original data: Filby, P. William, ed. Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s. Farmington Hills, MI, USA: Gale Research, 2010.'</p>
<p><strong>Source 2: Slavery</strong></p>
<p>Jacques<br/>Gender: male<br/>Race: black<br/>Age (when this record was documented): 20.0<br/>Other comments: Buyer is from Atacapas<br/>Selling Information<br/>Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand<br/>Name of the Buyer: Pierre Hayacinthe Bernard<br/>Where slave went: : St Martin<br/>Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual<br/>Selling Currency: p<br/>Selling Value: 625<br/>Selling Value: 625<br/>Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.<br/>Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]<br/>Document Date: 1816-03-05<br/>Document Number (from the document): 173<br/>Notary Name: Broutin<br/>Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias<br/>Date of Sale: 18160305<br/>Type of document: <br/>Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no <br/>Language: French<br/>Is this document of linguistic interest?: no <br/>Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no <br/>Skill and Trade Information<br/>Personality<br/>Family Information<br/>Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no <br/>Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no <br/>Importation Information<br/>Was this slave being emancipated?: no <br/>Slave listed as dead?: no</p>
<p>Jean Louis<br/>Gender: male<br/>Race: black<br/>Age (when this record was documented): 15.0<br/>Selling Information<br/>Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand<br/>Name of the Buyer: Louis Melchior Reynaud<br/>Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual<br/>Selling Currency: P<br/>Selling Value: 495<br/>Selling Value: 495<br/>Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.<br/>Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]<br/>Document Date: 1816-03-16<br/>Document Number (from the document): 200<br/>Notary Name: M. DeArmas<br/>Coder (person that encoded this record: Philip McLeod<br/>Type of document: <br/>Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no <br/>Language: French<br/>Is this document of linguistic interest?: no <br/>Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no <br/>Skill and Trade Information<br/>Personality<br/>Family Information<br/>Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no <br/>Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no <br/>Importation Information<br/>Was this slave being emancipated?: no <br/>Slave listed as dead?: no</p>
<p>Jupiter<br/>Gender: male<br/>Race: black<br/>Age (when this record was documented): 25.0<br/>Other comments: Buyer is from Bayou St. Jean<br/>Selling Information<br/>Name of the Seller: Jean Bte & Gme.Malus Legrand., (Ayes, sic Jean Baptiste and Guillume Malus Legrand)<br/>Name of the Buyer: Etienne Raspal<br/>Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual<br/>Selling Currency: p<br/>Selling Value: 600<br/>Selling Value: 600<br/>Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.<br/>Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]<br/>Document Date: 1815-08-05<br/>Document Number (from the document): 417<br/>Notary Name: Broutin<br/>Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias<br/>Date of Sale: 18150805<br/>Type of document: <br/>Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no <br/>Language: French<br/>Is this document of linguistic interest?: no <br/>Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no <br/>Skill and Trade Information<br/>Skills and Occupations: blacksmith "forgeron"<br/>Skill: blacksmith, herero, forgeron<br/>Personality<br/>Family Information<br/>Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no <br/>Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no <br/>Importation Information<br/>Was this slave being emancipated?: no <br/>Slave listed as dead?: no</p>
<p>Parker<br/>Gender: male<br/>Race: black<br/>Age (when this record was documented): 15.5<br/>Selling Information<br/>Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Gadon<br/>Name of the Buyer: Jean Legrand<br/>Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual<br/>Selling Currency: p<br/>Selling Value: 550<br/>Selling Value: 550<br/>Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.<br/>Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]<br/>Document Date: 1816-03-13<br/>Document Number (from the document): 204<br/>Notary Name: Broutin<br/>Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias<br/>Date of Sale: 18160313<br/>Type of document: <br/>Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no <br/>Language: French<br/>Is this document of linguistic interest?: no <br/>Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no <br/>Skill and Trade Information<br/>Personality<br/>Family Information<br/>Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no <br/>Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no <br/>Importation Information<br/>Was this slave being emancipated?: no <br/>Slave listed as dead?: no</p>
<p>Pierre<br/>Gender: male<br/>Race: black<br/>Age (when this record was documented): 10.0<br/>Selling Information<br/>Name of the Seller: Julie Legrand<br/>Name of the Buyer: Antoine Abat<br/>Grouping: sold or inventoried in a group<br/>Selling Currency: D<br/>Selling Value: 2200<br/>Selling Value: 2200<br/>Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.<br/>Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]<br/>Document Date: 1817-02-24<br/>Document Number (from the document): 101<br/>Notary Name: Phillipe Pedasclaux<br/>Coder (person that encoded this record: Philip McLeod<br/>Type of document: <br/>Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no <br/>Language: French<br/>Is this document of linguistic interest?: no <br/>Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no <br/>Skill and Trade Information<br/>Personality<br/>Family Information<br/>Mother's Name: 1<br/>Mother's Age: 40<br/>Mother's Race: 3<br/>Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no <br/>Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: yes <br/>Importation Information<br/>Was this slave being emancipated?: no <br/>Slave listed as dead?: no</p>
<p>Jacques<br/>Gender: male<br/>Race: black<br/>Age (when this record was documented): 19.0<br/>Selling Information<br/>Name of the Seller: Pierre Bourg<br/>Name of the Buyer: Jean Legrand<br/>Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual<br/>Selling Currency: p<br/>Selling Value: 400<br/>Selling Value: 400<br/>Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.<br/>Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]<br/>Document Date: 1815-07-31<br/>Document Number (from the document): 395<br/>Notary Name: Broutin<br/>Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias<br/>Date of Sale: 18150731<br/>Type of document: <br/>Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no <br/>Language: French<br/>Is this document of linguistic interest?: no <br/>Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no <br/>Skill and Trade Information<br/>Personality<br/>Family Information<br/>Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no <br/>Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no <br/>Importation Information<br/>Was this slave being emancipated?: no <br/>Slave listed as dead?: no</p>
<p>Jacques<br/>Gender: male<br/>Race: black<br/>Age (when this record was documented): 26.0<br/>Other comments: Legrand & Guillaume Malus are acting as testamentary executors of Balais estate<br/>Selling Information<br/>Last Name of Deceased: Balais<br/>Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand<br/>Name of the Buyer: Pierre Camet<br/>Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual<br/>Selling Currency: p<br/>Selling Value: 500<br/>Selling Value: 500<br/>Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.<br/>Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]<br/>Document Date: 1815-11-13<br/>Document Number (from the document): 625<br/>Notary Name: Broutin<br/>Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias<br/>Date of Sale: 18151113<br/>Type of document: <br/>Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no <br/>Language: French<br/>Is this document of linguistic interest?: no <br/>Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no <br/>Skill and Trade Information<br/>Personality<br/>Family Information<br/>Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no <br/>Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no <br/>Importation Information<br/>Was this slave being emancipated?: no <br/>Slave listed as dead?: no</p>
<p>Jacques<br/>Gender: male<br/>Race: black<br/>Age (when this record was documented): 20.0<br/>Other comments: Buyer is from Atacapas<br/>Selling Information<br/>Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand<br/>Name of the Buyer: Pierre Hayacinthe Bernard<br/>Where slave went: : St Martin<br/>Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual<br/>Selling Currency: p<br/>Selling Value: 625<br/>Selling Value: 625<br/>Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.<br/>Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]<br/>Document Date: 1816-03-05<br/>Document Number (from the document): 173<br/>Notary Name: Broutin<br/>Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias<br/>Date of Sale: 18160305<br/>Type of document: <br/>Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no <br/>Language: French<br/>Is this document of linguistic interest?: no <br/>Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no <br/>Skill and Trade Information<br/>Personality<br/>Family Information<br/>Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no <br/>Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no <br/>Importation Information<br/>Was this slave being emancipated?: no <br/>Slave listed as dead?: no</p>
<p>Jacques<br/>Gender: male<br/>Race: black<br/>Age (when this record was documented): 18.0<br/>Selling Information<br/>Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand<br/>Name of the Buyer: Jean Gleises<br/>Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual<br/>Selling Currency: p<br/>Selling Value: 400<br/>Selling Value: 400<br/>Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.<br/>Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]<br/>Document Date: 1816-04-06<br/>Document Number (from the document): 301<br/>Notary Name: Broutin<br/>Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias<br/>Date of Sale: 18160406<br/>Type of document: <br/>Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no <br/>Language: French<br/>Is this document of linguistic interest?: no <br/>Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no <br/>Skill and Trade Information<br/>Personality<br/>Family Information<br/>Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no <br/>Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no <br/>Importation Information<br/>Was this slave being emancipated?: no <br/>Slave listed as dead?: no</p>
<p><strong>Source for above slave sale and purchases:</strong></p>
<p>Ancestry.com. Slave Registers of former British Colonial Dependencies, 1812-1834 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007.</p>
<p>Original data: Office of Registry of Colonial Slaves and Slave Compensation Commission: Records; (The National Archives Microfilm Publication T71); Records created and inherited by HM Treasury; The National Archives of the UK (TNA), Kew, Surrey, England.</p>
<p>Slave Registers of former British Colonial Dependencies, 1812-1834 Record for Jean Baptiste Legrand Slave Registers of former British Colonial Dependencies, 1812-1834</p>
<p>My point here is that my mother's mtDNA, despite being Haplo Group C, (Indigenous) reveals those French sequences as well as German and Russian sequences. One has to remember that the mtDNA is only a very small part of human genetics. About 16 percent. The mtDNA thus reflects what is contained within the human genome containing equal genetics of what your ancestral mothers and fathers have contributed.</p>
<p> My grandmother and her maternal lineage have contributed to my mtDNA. Awhile back I found the font of that maternal, ancestral Haplo Group C It wasn't Taino genetics, it was in fact the genetics of</p>
<p>the Guanajatabey who lived in the extreme Western part of Cuba and Isla Espanola. Historically the Taino had been in the habit of enslaving the Guanajatabey they had captured. Those sequences go back to the year 1,999 BC in Cuba and 640 BC in the Isla Espanola. Mixed in with my grandmother's mtDNA are those Spanish sequences coming out of the surname of Maldonado.</p>
<p> To further complicate matters genetically, my father's yDNA revealed heavy Berber and Eoropean sequences.</p>
<p>Since there are over a hundred persons from Spain, Mexico, South America who match my mtDNA this informs me that the Guanajatabey aren't extinct like some scientists have tried to convince us.</p>
<p>In the past I had stated publically that I had ancestral roots within the Taino ancestors. That statement had been made before I had begun my research and discovery project on my Haplo Group C.</p>
<p>Entwined within those mtDNA results are Haplo Group variants of C. C1, C2 etc. I am still researching to find out what those variations mean and what tribe they might belong to.</p>
<p>When I find out I will publish my findings herein. </p>
<p>The lesson herein is thus: Despite our claim to Indigenous roots, deeply entwined within our genetics are the influences of our European Heritage. It can't be denied because its in your face when you look into the mirror in the morning. </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803905616?profile=original" target="_self"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803905616?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>Check It Outtag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2010-06-16:2030313:BlogPost:516992010-06-16T16:19:57.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
<b>My book has acquired a new venue: Check it out on Barnes and Nobel:…</b><div><b><br></br></b></div>
<b>My book has acquired a new venue: Check it out on Barnes and Nobel:</b><div><b><br/></b></div>
<div><b><a href="http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/ISBNInquiry.asp?r=1&IF=N&EAN=9780557466535&cm_mmc=Google%20Book%20Search-_-k118169-_-j14953980-_-Googe%20Book%20Search%20(non-B%26N%20Imprint)">http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/ISBNInquiry.asp?r=1&IF=N&EAN=9780557466535&cm_mmc=Google%20Book%20Search-_-k118169-_-j14953980-_-Googe%20Book%20Search%20(non-B%26N%20Imprint)</a></b></div>
<div><br/></div>
<div><b>Keeping busy as always!</b></div>
<div><b><br/></b></div>
<div><b>Thanks</b></div>Publication of My New Book, Juan Ponce de Leon His New and Revised Genealogytag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2010-05-30:2030313:BlogPost:513402010-05-30T15:30:00.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
<p><strong>I've finally got my new book, Juan Ponce de Leon His New and Revised Genealogy listed within Google Books search engine.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>Pretty soon my publishers will finally get around to getting the book listed on other Global marketing venues.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>I have allowed Google Books to provide a limited preview of the book online.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>If you want to check it out follow this URL:…</strong></p>
<p><strong>I've finally got my new book, Juan Ponce de Leon His New and Revised Genealogy listed within Google Books search engine.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>Pretty soon my publishers will finally get around to getting the book listed on other Global marketing venues.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>I have allowed Google Books to provide a limited preview of the book online.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>If you want to check it out follow this URL: <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=juan+ponce+de+leon+his+new+and+revised+genealogy&btnG=Search+Books">http://books.google.com/books?q=juan+ponce+de+leon+his+new+and+revised+genealogy&btnG=Search+Books</a></strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>You might be wondering what does Juan Ponce de Leon, Christopher Columbus, Diego Colon and other conquistador have to do with Indigenous people. Their lives had intertwined via the route of the many wars that were fought by the Indigenous people to preserve the land that was theirs. In the Caribbean there was a Cedula Real, Royal Decree issued by the king and Queen of Spain giving license to people who had been born in the Kingdom of Spain to marry Indigenous women so those marriages would benefit the population of the island of Espanola. It is quite obvious that the Cedula Real had also been extended to the other islands of the Caribbean as well. The conquistador had unwittingly set the stage for the eventual survival of the Taino, the Ciboney and the people they called Caribes. This might explain why so many mtDNA tests done on Puerto Ricans, Dominicans and Cubans reveal their Indigenous heritage and ancestry. By the way that Cedula Real that was issued was dated 1514!</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p>In any case, follow the URL provided above to get your limited preview of the book, Juan Ponce de Leon His New and Revised Genealogy.</p>
<p></p>
<p>While you are on Google's page please do take the time to add your Review of what you have read of my book. The Link for reviewing the book can be found on the page's upper left hand corner of the page.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Thanks.</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>The Ancestorstag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2010-05-20:2030313:BlogPost:511802010-05-20T20:30:53.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
<p><strong>You know there is an old saying in genealogy: "When an ancestor wants you to find them you will."</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>This whole process for me has been very rapid. I began searching for my ancestors at the age of 14. I am 64 now and to some that might be a long time. But during the process of searching for my ancestors I've gathered over 25,000 of them. So the amount of time spent looking for them is quite relative to the amount of ancestors I have found thus far in my…</strong></p>
<p><strong>You know there is an old saying in genealogy: "When an ancestor wants you to find them you will."</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>This whole process for me has been very rapid. I began searching for my ancestors at the age of 14. I am 64 now and to some that might be a long time. But during the process of searching for my ancestors I've gathered over 25,000 of them. So the amount of time spent looking for them is quite relative to the amount of ancestors I have found thus far in my family tree.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>Some of my ancestors were very in tune with nature. Others weren't so in tune. Those that weren't so in tune were a little harder to find.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>I began my youth in the Bronx. Fox Street to be more precise. Then we moved around a lot in the Bronx. Prospect Avenue, Kelly Street, jackson Street, Fail Street, 147th Street, 149th Street, et al.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>The places I've lived one could say they were places where a taxi wouldn't bring a fare to at night.</strong></p>
<p><strong>The people I knew there were very rough hewn. But there was something beside me watching out for me to keep me out of trouble.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>During one of my searches on my ancestors I came across the name Ponce de Leon. She was very rich and came from a family I didn't quite understand at the time. The Troche Ponce de Leon.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>But like the rest of my ancestors they cut their pages into the history books.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>The other names I found in my family tree were also very interesting, they came much later.</strong></p>
<p><strong>Diego Ramos, Francisco de Luyando, Juancho de Luyando, the Davila, the de Torres, the de Nava, Menendez de Valdes, de Sotomayor, Agueybana and many others too numerous to list here.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>After I had found my immediate ancestors within the Ayes side of the family I began to concentrate on the Ponce de Leon family tree. One could say I became quite expert on that family group.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>As a result of my ten year research project I had downloaded a lot of files on them from the Ministry of Culture, Spain. At the end of ten years I finally found out the truth about Juan Ponce de Leon's life, his wife and his children as well as his ancestors and descendants. I began to write a book about them all based on the results of my extensive research. In a way I was guided to find those people, because finding them was too easy.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>The book I wrote contains their family trees as well as the family trees of the people who married into the Ponce de Leon clan. I have reference documents as well as copies of original documents telling me what history the wrote into the pages of the books and their deeds, good as well as dastardly.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>I am not saying that I am a direct descendant of Juan Ponce de Leon, he a cousin. We share the same common ancestor, Ponce de Minerva also known as Ponce de Cabrera.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>Most Latinos who live in countries that had been conquered by the Spanish have their ancestry just like mine. Direct as well as indirect to the Ponce de Leon family group.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>If you buy my book you will be able to read about them all. You will also be able to read about some very old history concerning Iberia, the Phoenicians, the Romans, the Visigoth and the Goths as well as the Jews who lived in Spain since the second century AD.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>My book has 543 pages and its is rechly illustrated by me as well as other artists who painted works concerning the history of Spain. There are over 150 digital copies of original documents too. Full sized on single pages.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>If you are interested follow this URL to get a preview of the book.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><a href="http://www.lulu.com/product/paperback/juan-ponce-de-leon-his-new-and-revised-genealogy/10969692?productTrackingContext=search_results/search_shelf/center/1">http://www.lulu.com/product/paperback/juan-ponce-de-leon-his-new-and-revised-genealogy/10969692?productTrackingContext=search_results/search_shelf/center/1</a></p>
<p></p>
<p>Enjoy.</p>
<p></p>
<p>John Ayes</p>Update: Juan Ponce de Leon His New and Revised Genealogy - The Book!tag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2010-04-23:2030313:BlogPost:504402010-04-23T18:25:22.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><img alt="" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803918310?profile=original"></img></span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Portrait Image Juan Ponce de Leon Copyright John Browne Ayes. All Rights Reserved, national and International.…</span></strong></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><img alt="" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803918310?profile=original"/></span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Portrait Image Juan Ponce de Leon Copyright John Browne Ayes. All Rights Reserved, national and International.</span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"></p>
<p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Many people are familiar with Juan Ponce de Leon and the mythos that surround him. But many do not know who the real man was.</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Juan Ponce de Leon His new and Revised Genealogy is one of the most extensive and complete biographical works to date that reveals the many facets of Juan Ponce; his history, the politics of his day, his discoveries, his exploration and his failures.</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">The work also reveals who were the members of his immediate family, his legitimate and illegitimate wives, ancestors as well as his descendants; their accomplishments and their human shortcomings.</span></strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">The author, John Ayes has made some new and important discoveries via his research and transcription of original documents and reference materials that have been included in the book. The reader has been empowered to be able to read the contents of the original documents in two languages, English and Spanish. Most important is the actual copy of the contract that had been drawn between the king and Juan Ponce de Leon outlining what was expected and what time limit had been set to fulfill the binding clauses that set the stage for the exploration and discovery of Florida and its surrounding islands that were executed at Juan Ponce de Leon's own expense.</span></strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">The book is a serious study of the genealogy of the explorer's ancestry, his immediate family members, legitimate and illegitimate wives and his descendants who also impacted the New World and wrote their own chapters within the pages of American and Spanish history. Many family trees have been mapped out via the original documentation and reference material and previous errors in the Ponce de Leon, de Ordaz, Sotomayor, de Nava and many other family genealogies have been corrected.</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">The history of Spain during the time of the Phoenician invasion, the invasion of the Visigoth as well as that of the Moors have been included so the reader can understand the mindset of the conquistador and their military experiences that shaped the conquest of the New World.</span></strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">The book is presently in its final stages of formatting before publication.</span></strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Its size: 8.5" x 11"</span></strong> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">Hard Cover.</span></strong></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">148 illustrations.</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">750 pages.</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">ISBN 978-0-38673-4</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Publisher: Lulu.com</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Will be offered for purchase on a global scale online via, Barnes and Noble, Amazon.co.uk, and Amazon.com</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">The author will update this blog when the book is finally published.</span></strong></p>Juan Ponce de Leon His New and Revised Genealogytag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2009-08-31:2030313:BlogPost:461902009-08-31T15:43:01.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
Juan Ponce de Leon His New and Revised Genealogy the Book Posted on Aug 31st, 2009 by ayesart<br />
The reason for my abscence from these pages has not arisen from creating a plastic work of art or seeking out to discover beautiful nature subjects for my photography but from a different kind of artistic realization.<br />
<br />
I have been very busy working upon an important new project. A book!<br />
<br />
Juan Ponce de Leon His New and Revised Genealogy.<br />
<br />
On 08 28 2009 I uploaded a copy to the Library of Congress Copy…
Juan Ponce de Leon His New and Revised Genealogy the Book Posted on Aug 31st, 2009 by ayesart<br />
The reason for my abscence from these pages has not arisen from creating a plastic work of art or seeking out to discover beautiful nature subjects for my photography but from a different kind of artistic realization.<br />
<br />
I have been very busy working upon an important new project. A book!<br />
<br />
Juan Ponce de Leon His New and Revised Genealogy.<br />
<br />
On 08 28 2009 I uploaded a copy to the Library of Congress Copy Right Office to officially get the book registered.<br />
<br />
The work is the result of over six years of research within the Ministry of Culture Spain's Archives to seek out documents and reference documents that tell of his ancestry and who were his real descendants.<br />
<br />
The book, Juan Ponce de Leon His New and Revised Genealogy is an important work that contains history, pure genealogy and it also will serve as an important tool for those people who would like to begin pursuing their own genealogy as well as an important tool for those genealogists and historians who are experienced.<br />
<br />
The book contains digital copies of original documents that are relative to the ancestors and descendnats of Juan Ponce de Leon as well as his direct family members that the Spanish Ministry of Culture has graciously allowed me to publish as well as important reference documentation that will lead the researcher to other importrant historical documents.<br />
<br />
The work also has been created to correct the many errors that have been made by other researchers regarding the genealogy of Juan Ponce de Leon. It strips away the mythos so that the total man and his history are revealed within a clearer and more refined light.<br />
<br />
The descendants of Juan Ponce de Leon immigrated from Spain to Mexico, Honduras, Peru, Cuba, Isla Espanola, Equador, La Florida and Columbia et al...<br />
<br />
It was Juan Ponce de Leon who discovered America not Columbus. Columbus was looking for a trade route to Asia when he accidentally found the islands of the Caribbean. He was off course by over sixty miles away from La Florida. Juan Ponce claimed la Florida on behalf of Spain, not Columbus.The King of Spain, Ferdinand didn't want Diego Columbo to extend his power beyond the Caribbean Islands, he sent Juan Ponce de Leon on that eventful voyage of discovery instead. La Florida was called Bimini which was derived from an ancient Taino word meaning Mother of the Waters. La Florida was named Pascua Florida by Juan Ponce so people would remember his discovery that fell on a very important religous holiday....Easter. El Dia de Pascua. Did he really die in Cuba Or did he die in La Florida? The answer is within this book and verified and documented as well.<br />
<br />
The work is also illustrated with some very old and anceint images of documents that in some cases are over 400 years old. They have been transcribed into modern day Spanish and English.<br />
<br />
The book will be availiable at the price of 80.00 USD and will be published on CD and PDF format.<br />
<br />
Please direct inquiries to this Web Site. You won't find the book in stores,since I am it's sole distributer.<br />
<br />
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:<br />
<br />
<br />
John J. Browne Ayes is an award winning artist, visual arts painter, sculptor, photographer, genealogist, writer and poet whose paintings have been exhibited throughout Florida, His art is on exhibition throughout the Internet. His paintings have been exhibited within Osceola Center for the Arts, Kissimmee City Hall, Orlando City Hall's Terrace Gallery, Walt Disney World at EPCOT and Hollywood Studios on behalf of Hispanic Heritage Month and Black Heritage Month. His art has been featured within national and locally published calendars; his visual arts have appeared within local news paper articles as well as featured within national magazine articles - AARP's Segunda Juventud and Culture Magazine. His creations have been featured within local magazine - Ahora Orlando. His Painting, Mi Orgullo, My Pride is in the collection of former Florida Governor Jeb Bush. The artist and his paintings have been featured on television within Fox News, Local Brite House TV - Access Osceola, Channel 31 the Melbourne Arts Channel.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The author has been working upon his family genealogy since the age of fourteen to present. The monumental work within this book has been the result of his research within the PARES Ministry of Culture, Spain. He has been researching and documenting the ancestors and descendants of Juan Ponce de Leon for many years as an adjunct project to his own family tree.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Love in Friendship<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
AyesConnectionstag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2009-01-10:2030313:BlogPost:263362009-01-10T14:43:21.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
I've been away for a time and the time has been spent researching and making new discoveries.<br />
<br />
New people have been added to my family tree and some old dead ends found their new life within the "new" connections that have been made.<br />
<br />
The family connections weave in and out of one another and sometimes go round about the world only to return to thier home in the end.<br />
<br />
Our ancestors were all restless people moving to and fro about their world making new discoveries and in some instances making…
I've been away for a time and the time has been spent researching and making new discoveries.<br />
<br />
New people have been added to my family tree and some old dead ends found their new life within the "new" connections that have been made.<br />
<br />
The family connections weave in and out of one another and sometimes go round about the world only to return to thier home in the end.<br />
<br />
Our ancestors were all restless people moving to and fro about their world making new discoveries and in some instances making some very old "rediscoveries." You see, they too were making new connections in a very old world. But back then, that old world was very "new" to them.<br />
<br />
The longer I live the more I come to realize that this planet is a very hostile place.<br />
One has to play a survival game that is very harsh and at times it seems very cruel.<br />
<br />
Oft times In the end, it seems that only the fittest live on to survive. But that is often not the truth.<br />
<br />
There are two types of people living upon this planet.<br />
<br />
The Creators<br />
<br />
and the Destroyers.<br />
<br />
The Creators work hard learning the ways of the land and adjusting their attitudes to come in line<br />
with nature. They have studied her ways to perfection and have been shown her innermost secrets.<br />
Its all about flowing with the current of the thing we call life. Great civilizations have been built on that<br />
great principle. Flowing.<br />
<br />
The other people, the Destroyers, seem to live for war. Their mentality tells me "ant."<br />
These "ant" people always play the same game. Everyone is their enemy. Skin colors also bother them a lot because they have a lot of racial phobias. Their line of thought is very limited because their thinking<br />
is structured much like a pyramid. Wide at the bottom and very narrow at the top of it all.<br />
Their societies are shaped very much in the same way.<br />
<br />
The Destroyers are very war like and they always have to subjugate their "enemies."<br />
In the end a lot of lives are always lost.<br />
<br />
Its strange because a lot of us in the know have come to realize that the Destroyers are suffering from<br />
a strange mental illness, its called psychotic behaviour.<br />
<br />
Yet, in the end these Destroyers get immortalized by their societies and even the descendants of those who were conquered and it seems that psychotic behaviour has become the norm.<br />
<br />
Yes, I've learned a lot from studying my ancestors.....<br />
<br />
You should too.Luzia and the Possibility of New Discovery of the true Origins of Caribbean Indigenous Ancestrytag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2008-10-26:2030313:BlogPost:165972008-10-26T23:30:00.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
<p style="text-align: left;"><img alt="" height="599" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803903022?profile=original" width="510"></img></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img alt="" height="243" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803903363?profile=original" width="425"></img></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img alt="" height="252" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803915849?profile=original" width="298"></img></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img alt="" height="122" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803916069?profile=original" width="250"></img></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img alt="" height="179" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803916187?profile=original" width="262"></img></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img alt="" height="220" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803916566?profile=original" width="200"></img></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img alt="" height="600" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803916698?profile=original" width="600"></img></p>
<br />
Luzia's skull was found in a Brazilian cave in 1978. Her remains were stored for quite sometime until someone began to take interest in her skull. She died at the age of 20 to 25 years. She…
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803903022?profile=original" alt="" width="510" height="599"/></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803903363?profile=original" alt="" width="425" height="243"/></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803915849?profile=original" alt="" width="298" height="252"/></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803916069?profile=original" alt="" width="250" height="122"/></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803916187?profile=original" alt="" width="262" height="179"/></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803916566?profile=original" alt="" width="200" height="220"/></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803916698?profile=original" alt="" width="600" height="600"/></p>
<br />
Luzia's skull was found in a Brazilian cave in 1978. Her remains were stored for quite sometime until someone began to take interest in her skull. She died at the age of 20 to 25 years. She lived near Bello Horizonte in South East Brazil. Her remains have been estimated to be 11, 400 years old. This makes her one of the oldest fossils ever found in the Americas.<br />
<br />
Other remains were found within Lagoa Santa in the same region that Luzia lived. It was discovered that the remains had been buried within a ceremonial context.<br />
<br />
There has been a lot of speculation about the origin of her people. Some have put forward the theory of an African origin. Others have theorized a polynesian origin and even an Australian aborigine origin.<br />
There has been some speculation that says that her people crossed the Bering Strait. Another theory that has been put forth says that her ancestors might have crossed by boat to the Tierra del Fuego region and migrated up to Brazil.<br />
<br />
DNA tests are being done upon the assemblages that were discovered in Lagoa Santa because Luzia's bone structure had been replaced by mineralization and her DNA is no longer there.<br />
Dr Sergio Pena of the Univ of Minas Gerais and Max Planck of the Anthropological Institute in Germany have been working to extract the DNA from the assemblages.<br />
<br />
I have been thinkinbg a lot about the many theories that have been put forth by everyone especially the theory about an African and Aboriginal origin. Looking at the photo of the reconstruction of Luzia's face I was reminded of the faces of the Olmec people. Their facial features were pretty much like Luzia's.<br />
<br />
The study of skulls relative to racial typing is called Morphology.<br />
<br />
I am not an expert in Morphology but I am a professional portrait artist who has studied the anatomy of faces and the human body. I have to be very knowledgeable as well of rendering all types of people who have ancestry within the many races on this planet. So the comparison that I am making today is from a lay person's point of view.<br />
<br />
I find it facinating that there is a possiblilty that the ancestral origins of the Indigenous people who eventually populated the Carribean might be found within Luzia. I also find it facinating that Richard Leaky had a theory that human development and evolution happened here in the Americas as well as in Africa.<br />
<br />
It is theorized that the Olmecs appeared on the scene around 1,600 AD in Veracruz. It is also said that they were the founders of an advanced mathematical system, a calendar system and new ways of building temples and cities. Their influence can be seen within the achievements of the ancient peoples of Central and South America. In order for a people to master the arts of building, mathematics, and a precise calendar system means that they must have been arounbd for quite a long time. There might be a possibility that the Olmec people are the descendants of Luzia's people.<br />
<br />
I've added an image of an ancient Maya to depict the morphological difference between the Olmec and Luzia for comparison.<br />
<br />
Look at the photos within this post and please do give your opinion on what you see and think.<br />
<br />
Below are URL links that will take you to what the experts are saying.<br />
<br />
http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter54/text-LagoaSanta/text-LagoaSanta.htm<br />
<br />
http://www.pnas.org/content/102/51/18309.full?sid=5ed10b50-c40e-4e8b-86db-df4a15465b99<br />
<br />
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10441210<br />
<br />
http://news.softpedia.com/news/The-First-Inhabitants-of-the-Americans-Were-Black-64307.shtml<br />
<br />
http://www.science-frontiers.com/sf118/sf118p02.htm<br />
<br />
http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/asce/pdfs/volume15/pdfs/daleyfinal.pdf<br />
<br />
http://www.geocities.com/olmec982000/afmaya2.pdf<br />
<br />
In closing, many of you are studying in universities. If you can do a research on journal papers that might have been written about the results of those DNA tests on Luzia's people, please share them with me.<br />
I am very interested in comparing the HVR1 and HVR2 DNA against the DNA results of the Indigenous populations in the Americas.<br />
<br />
Thanks,<br />
<br />
John AyesJohn Ayes Indigenous Rootstag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2008-10-26:2030313:BlogPost:165662008-10-26T15:30:00.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
The family tree I am going to share with you today contains the ancestral heritage that goes back to the year 1990 AD to Cuba.<br />
The people that lived during that time were the Guanahuatabey.<br />
The Guanahuatabey were a distinct people and spoke a different language from the classic Taino.<br />
They and the other tribes that lived in the Carribean are considered, "neo Taino."<br />
I think that terminology is a gross error, because it is another way of insulting us all.<br />
Neo according to the dictionary:…
The family tree I am going to share with you today contains the ancestral heritage that goes back to the year 1990 AD to Cuba.<br />
The people that lived during that time were the Guanahuatabey.<br />
The Guanahuatabey were a distinct people and spoke a different language from the classic Taino.<br />
They and the other tribes that lived in the Carribean are considered, "neo Taino."<br />
I think that terminology is a gross error, because it is another way of insulting us all.<br />
Neo according to the dictionary: relating to a revival or adaptation of the classical style.<br />
So, someone made a bad choice of word to describe a people that were more ancient than the Classic Taino ancestors.<br />
My mother's and grand mother's MtDNA and as a result, my own MtDNA matched the MtDNA of the Guanahuatabey and Ciboney of western Cuba and what is now the Dominican Republic. These are my oldest ancestors to date.<br />
My oldest ancestors don't have any names, just numbers that were assigned by lab technicians who performed the studies so I have taken the liberty of naming them by their tribal name.<br />
<br />
The Haplo Group of my Ancestors is C.<br />
Their matching sequences:<br />
16223T<br />
np 16298C<br />
np 16325C<br />
np 16327T<br />
<br />
Lab numbers:<br />
Cuba:<br />
7145<br />
C317<br />
Lab Numbers:<br />
Dominican Republic:<br />
154<br />
182<br />
71<br />
48<br />
191<br />
<br />
Base Positions were compared to the Cambridge reference sequence Anderson et al. 1981.<br />
<br />
Source:<br />
Mitochondrial DNA from Pre-Columbian Ciboneys From Cuba and the Prehistoric Colonization of the Caribbean. C. lalueza-Fox, M.T.P. Gilbert, A.J. Martinez Fuentes, F. Calafell and J. Bertranpetit<br />
Source:<br />
MtDNA from Extinct Tainos and the Peopling of the Caribbean.<br />
C. lalueza Fox, F. Luna Calderon, F. Calafell, B. Morera and J. Bertranpetit<br />
<br />
A final note: I really don't want to read anything posted about this family tree that contain negative connotations relative to the "dangers of Qualitative blood tests," etc.<br />
I have heard that verbage before from people who wouldn't even think of having their DNA tested.<br />
I guess they had their reasons at the time. You be the judge as to why.<br />
<br />
I also want to point out that I also have a family verbal history that informed me that both sides of my mother's family, maternal and paternal, had ancestry within the Indigenous. For some that verbal history is enough. But I wanted definitive proof that my family verbal history was founded upon truth.<br />
<br />
Also know that my discovery and research has arisen out from negative comments stating that we as descendants of the ancient people who populated the Caribbean wouldn't be able to find our ancestors.<br />
In the same token I was also informed that I wouldn't be able to find who my Spaniard ancestors were.<br />
My research and consequent discoveries and the resultant family trees are my way proving that those who wrote and spoke those negative comments were dead wrong.<br />
<br />
What I am trying to point out is that we all can go back to find our ancestral roots, one way or the other, through genealogy paper trail or through scientific DNA testing we can come to know who our ancestors were.....providing we really set our minds to it.<br />
<br />
In any case, here is the family tree.<br />
<br />
Descendants of :<br />
Ciboney Guanajuatabey I (PRCID) <b>P</b>re <b>C</b>olumbian <b>I</b>ndigenous <b>D</b>escendants<br />
<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Generation 1<br />
<br />
1. Ciboney Guanajuatabey I (PRCID) was born 1990 in Canimar, Perico, Cuba and died in Canimar, Perico, Cuba. He married Ciboney Guanajuatabey II (PRCID). She was born 1990 in Canimar, Perico, Cave, Cuba and died in Canimar, Perico, Cave, Cuba.<br />
Other events in the life of Ciboney Guanajuatabey I (PRCID)<br />
Burial: in Canimar, Perico, Cave, Cuba<br />
<br />
<br />
Children of Ciboney Guanajuatabey I (PRCID) and Ciboney Guanajuatabey II (PRCID):<br />
i. Guanajuatabey Ciboney was born 0670 in La Caleta, Dominican Republic and died in La Caleta, Dominican Republic<br />
ii. Guanajuatabey Ciboney was born 0670 in La Caleta, Dominican Republic and died in La Caleta, Dominican Republic<br />
iii. Guanajuatabey Ciboney was born 0670 in La Caleta, Dominican Republic and died in La Caleta, Dominican Republic<br />
iv. Guanajuatabey Ciboney was born 0670 in La Caleta, Dominican Republic and died in La Caleta, Dominican Republic<br />
v. Guanajuatabey Ciboney was born 0670 in La Caleta, Dominican Republic and died in La Caleta, Dominican Republic<br />
vi. 2. Ortiz (PCID) was born 1825<br />
<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Generation 2<br />
<br />
2. Ortiz (PCID) was born 1825.<br />
<br />
Children of Ortiz (PCID):<br />
i. 3. Francisco Ortiz was born 1845 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
ii. 4. Juan Ortiz was born 1850 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Generation 3<br />
<br />
3. Francisco Ortiz was born 1845 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico. He married Carmen Diaz Gonzalez. She was born 1848 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
Children of Francisco Ortiz and Carmen Diaz Gonzalez:<br />
i. Alejandro Ortiz was born 1860 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
ii. 5. Asuncion Ortiz was born ABT 1861 in Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
iii. 6. Avelino Ortiz was born 1865 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
iv. 7. Aracelio Ortiz was born 1870 in Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
v. 8. Felipa Ortiz was born 1880 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
vi. 9. Carmen Ortiz was born 1882 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
vii. 10. Juana Ortiz was born 1884 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
viii. 11. Remijio Ortiz was born 1885 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
<br />
4. Juan Ortiz was born 1850 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
Children of Juan Ortiz:<br />
i. Fernando Ortiz<br />
ii. 12. Juana Ortiz was born 1872 in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
iii. 13. Juana Ortiz was born 1884 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
iv. Julio Ortiz was born 1886 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
v. Juan Ortiz was born 1888 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
vi. Herminio Ortiz was born 1892 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Generation 4<br />
<br />
5. Asuncion Ortiz was born ABT 1861 in Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Salinas, Puerto Rico. She married Gumercindo Maldonado. He was born ABT 1859 in Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Salinas, Puerto Rico, son of Maldonado UNKNOWN and Ortiz (PCID).<br />
<br />
Children of Asuncion Ortiz and Gumercindo Maldonado:<br />
i. Eusebio Maldonado was born in Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
ii. 14. Eustapiria Maldonado was born 1870 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
iii. 15. Julia Maldonado was born 1875 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
iv. 16. Flor Maldonado was born 1875 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
v. Luisa Maldonado was born 1880 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
vi. 17. Juana de la Paz Maldonado was born Dec 25 1884 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died Apr 1970 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
vii. 18. Catalicia Maldonado was born 1885 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
viii. 19. Anastacia Maldonado was born 1886 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
ix. 20. Cantalicia Maldonado was born ABT 1887 in Barrio Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Barrio Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
x. Manuel Maldonado was born 1890 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
xi. Pablo Maldonado was born 1891 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
<br />
6. Avelino Ortiz was born 1865 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico. He married Rufina Suarez Arzola. She was born 1866 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
Children of Avelino Ortiz and Rufina Suarez Arzola:<br />
i. 21. ? Suarez<br />
ii. Benigno Ortiz<br />
iii. Delfin Ortiz<br />
iv. Pastor Ortiz<br />
v. Savador Ortiz<br />
vi. Juan Jose Ortiz was born 1896 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
<br />
7. Aracelio Ortiz was born 1870 in Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Salinas, Puerto Rico. He married Dolores Briganti Santos 1902 in Salinas, Puerto Rico. She was born 1883 in Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Salinas, Puerto Rico, daughter of Cruciano Briganti and Inocencia Santos Escalante.<br />
<br />
8. Felipa Ortiz was born 1880 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico. She married Bertoli UNKNOWN.<br />
<br />
Children of Felipa Ortiz and Bertoli UNKNOWN:<br />
i. Domingo Bertoli Ortiz<br />
ii. Rafael Bertoli Ortiz<br />
iii. Enrique Bertoli Ortiz<br />
<br />
9. Carmen Ortiz was born 1882 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico. She married Flor Maldonado in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico. He was born 1875 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico, son of Gumercindo Maldonado and Asuncion Ortiz.<br />
<br />
Children of Carmen Ortiz and Flor Maldonado:<br />
i. Hipolito Maldonado was born 1903 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
<br />
10. Juana Ortiz was born 1884 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico. She married Nazario Pabon in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico. He was born 1882 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
11. Remijio Ortiz was born 1885 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico. He married Carmen Vega Negron in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico. She was born 1882 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
12. Juana Ortiz was born 1872 in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
Children of Juana Ortiz:<br />
i. Miguel Ortiz was born 1893 in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
ii. Nicolasa Ortiz was born 1894 in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
iii. Eanacia Ortiz was born 1897 in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
iv. Micaela Ortiz was born 1900 in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
v. Dionicia Ortiz was born 1906 in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
<br />
13. Juana Ortiz was born 1884 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico. She married Nazario Pabon in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico. He was born 1882 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Generation 5<br />
<br />
14. Eustapiria Maldonado was born 1870 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico. She married Guillermo Colon Atilano. He was born 1862 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico, son of Colon UNKNOWN and Atilano UNKNOWN.<br />
<br />
Children of Eustapiria Maldonado and Guillermo Colon Atilano:<br />
i. Porfio Colon<br />
ii. Guillermo Colon was born 1895 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
<br />
15. Julia Maldonado was born 1875 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico. She married Juan Romero in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico. He was born 1870 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico, son of Romero UNKNOWN and Alicea UNKNOWN.<br />
<br />
Children of Julia Maldonado and Juan Romero:<br />
i. Maria Romero was born 1899 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
ii. Isabel Romero was born 1901 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
iii. Felix Romero was born 1903 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
iv. Marval Romero was born 1905 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
v. Petronila Romero was born 1906 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
vi. Nicolasa Romero was born 1908 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
vii. Alvara Romero was born 1909 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
<br />
16. Flor Maldonado was born 1875 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico. He married Carmen Ortiz in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico. She was born 1882 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico, daughter of Francisco Ortiz and Carmen Diaz Gonzalez.<br />
<br />
Children of Flor Maldonado and Carmen Ortiz:<br />
i. Hipolito Maldonado was born 1903 in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Rio Jueyes, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
<br />
17. Juana de la Paz Maldonado was born Dec 25 1884 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died Apr 1970 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico. She married Luis Atilano Dias. He was born 1892 in Isabela, Puerto Rico and died in Isabela, Puerto Rico, son of Nacisa Diaz Mateo. She married Feliciano Ayes Ortiz 1917 in Salinas, Puerto Rico. He was born May 12 1880 in Salinas, Puerto Rico and died 1930 in New York, son of Emilio Ayes and Petronila Ortiz Jesus.<br />
Other events in the life of Juana de la Paz Maldonado<br />
Burial: Apr 1970 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
<br />
<br />
Children of Juana de la Paz Maldonado and Feliciano Ayes Ortiz:<br />
i. 22. Dominga de la Calzada Ayes Maldonado was born Jun 15 1904 in Salinas, Puerto Rico and died Jun 06 2003 in Lakeland Florida<br />
<br />
18. Catalicia Maldonado was born 1885 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico. She married Ramon Rivera. He was born 1884 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico, son of Alvelo UNKNOWN and Joaquina Rivera.<br />
<br />
Children of Catalicia Maldonado and Ramon Rivera:<br />
i. Francisca Rivera was born 1906 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
ii. Candida Rivera was born 1909 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
<br />
19. Anastacia Maldonado was born 1886 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico. She married Rufino Antonetti. He was born 1883 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico, son of Catalina Antonetti.<br />
<br />
Children of Anastacia Maldonado and Rufino Antonetti:<br />
i. Eulogia Antonetti was born 1901 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
<br />
20. Cantalicia Maldonado was born ABT 1887 in Barrio Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Barrio Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico. She married Ramon Carreras in Barrio Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico. He was born 1884 in Barrio Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Barrio Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico, son of Francisco Carreras and Juana Quiles.<br />
<br />
Children of Cantalicia Maldonado and Ramon Carreras:<br />
i. Francisca Carreras was born 1907 in Barrio Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Barrio Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
ii. Candida Carreras was born 1909 in Barrio Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Barrio Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico<br />
<br />
21. ? Suarez. He married Angela Ayes Ortiz. She was born 1880 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico and died in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico, daughter of Emilio Ayes and Petronila Ortiz Jesus.<br />
<br />
Children of ? Suarez and Angela Ayes Ortiz:<br />
i. Suarez Ayes<br />
ii. Suarez Ayes<br />
iii. Suarez Ayes<br />
iv. Suarez Ayes was born 1896<br />
<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Generation 6<br />
<br />
22. Dominga de la Calzada Ayes Maldonado was born Jun 15 1904 in Salinas, Puerto Rico and died Jun 06 2003 in Lakeland Florida. She married John J. Browne in New York. He was born 1918 in Manhattan, New York and died 1988 in New York, son of John Thomas Browne and Mary Ellen Browne. She married Roque Jacinto Atilano 1920 in Manhattan, New York. He was born Aug 16 1898 in Salinas, Puerto Rico and died Apr 26 1974 in Pompano Beach, Florida, son of Vicente Atilano Andres and Ramona Garcia Martinez.<br />
<br />
Children of Dominga de la Calzada Ayes Maldonado and Roque Jacinto Atilano:<br />
i. 23. Raquel Ayes<br />
ii. 24. Lillian Ayes<br />
<br />
Children of Dominga de la Calzada Ayes Maldonado and John J. Browne:<br />
iii. 25. John J. Browne III Ayes<br />
<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Generation 7<br />
<br />
23. Raquel Ayes. She married Hector Santiago, son of Severo Santiago and Maria Curet. They divorced .<br />
<br />
24. Lillian Ayes. She married Israel Parky Borerro. He was born Jun 24 1931 in Manhattan, New York and died Nov 30 1996 in Lakeland Florida, son of Israel II Borerro UNKNOWN and Mary Rodriguez.<br />
<br />
25. John J. Browne III Ayes. He married Carmen Lydia Muniz Carrero, daughter of Jose David Muniz Noriega and Herminia Carrero Acevedo. He married Rosalinde Solis. She was born in Sydney, Nebrasca, daughter of Abelardo Solis and Margaret Ventura.Ancestry Of John J. Browne Ayestag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2008-10-17:2030313:BlogPost:158742008-10-17T23:30:00.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
Copyright 1956-2008 John Ayes<br />
<br />
The following is my family tree. I have been working upon it since 1956 to present.<br />
<br />
Explanation of PCID Post Columbian Indigenous Descent. This speaks to you of the results of my maternal mtDNA test. My father's yDNA test was a total surprise to me. He was supposed to have Irish sequences.<br />
As it turned out his yDNA Haplo group was E3b2. Phonecian and Middle Eastern sequences with a touch of Levite Jew.<br />
<br />
In any case, Getting records on my Puerto Rican ancestors…
Copyright 1956-2008 John Ayes<br />
<br />
The following is my family tree. I have been working upon it since 1956 to present.<br />
<br />
Explanation of PCID Post Columbian Indigenous Descent. This speaks to you of the results of my maternal mtDNA test. My father's yDNA test was a total surprise to me. He was supposed to have Irish sequences.<br />
As it turned out his yDNA Haplo group was E3b2. Phonecian and Middle Eastern sequences with a touch of Levite Jew.<br />
<br />
In any case, Getting records on my Puerto Rican ancestors has led me to many blank walls. The PR government hasn't created a Web Site that is devoted to archival study for genealogists. The same goes for most of the Caribbean Islands. This lack forced me to get creative and begin thinking out of the box.<br />
I began making connections within my family tree from Spain once I knew I had Spanish ancestry. Once I got to the de Silva that led me to the de Toledo. One mayorazgo led to another family group and then to another. The Spanish families that came to the Caribbean were loaded with titles, land and riches.<br />
Yet they came to the Caribbean and moved onto Terra Firma in search of more than they already had.<br />
The cost to the Indigenous population, the ecology was devastating.<br />
Their main purpose in life was to serve their king and queen. It was they who colonized the known world of the day. Disobedience to the royal command meant death and disgrace for one's family. Those of us who were brought up in a democracy cannot understand or comprehend that.<br />
(I am not justifying or condoning what happened here in the Americas. A genealogist has to study the history and the times that the ancestors lived in. One has to remove the tinted glasses that has shaped the individual in their own time.)<br />
<br />
I owe a lot to other genealogists who led me to my ancestors in Coamo, the Canary Islands, Portugal and Spain.<br />
<br />
I know more about my European ancestry than I do about my Taino ancestry. I think I don't have to tell anyone why.<br />
<br />
Spain, Portugal and the French Archives have been made accessible to the global community of genealogists and anyone who is interested in researching their family tree.<br />
<br />
<br />
Ayes<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
1. John J. Browne III AYES, Alles (PCID).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Parents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
2. John J. BROWNE, II. Born in 1918 in Manhattan, New York. John died in 1988 in New York; he was 70.<br />
<br />
John married Dominga de la Calzada Ayes MALDONADO, (PCID).<br />
They had one child ...<br />
1 i. John J. Browne III AYES, Alles (PCID) ()<br />
<br />
<br />
3. Dominga de la Calzada Ayes MALDONADO, (PCID). Born on Jun 15 1904 in Salinas, Puerto Rico. Dominga died on Jun 06 2003 in Lakeland Florida; she was 98.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
4. John Thomas BROWNE, ***. Born in 1871 in Greenore, Ireland, County Louth. John died in Manhattan, New York.<br />
<br />
John married Mary Ellen BROWNE, ***.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Edward BROWNE (b.1913)<br />
ii. Andrew BROWNE (b.1913)<br />
iii. Mary BROWNE (b.1916)<br />
iv. Thomas BROWNE (1917 - 1917)<br />
2 v. John J. BROWNE, II (1918 - 1988)<br />
vi. Florence BROWNE (b.1919)<br />
vii. Francis BROWNE (b.1920)<br />
viii. Alice BROWNE (b.1921)<br />
<br />
<br />
5. Mary Ellen BROWNE, ***. Born in 1881 in Balli, Dublin, Ireland. Mary died in Manhattan, New York.<br />
<br />
<br />
6. Feliciano Ayes ORTIZ, (PCID). Born on May 12 1880 in Salinas, Puerto Rico. Feliciano died in 1930 in New York; he was 49.<br />
<br />
In 1917, when Feliciano was 36, he married Juana de la Paz MALDONADO, Ortiz (PCID).<br />
They had one child ...<br />
3 i. Dominga de la Calzada Ayes MALDONADO, (PCID) (1904 - 2003)<br />
<br />
<br />
7. Juana de la Paz MALDONADO, Ortiz (PCID). Born on Dec 25 1884 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico. Juana died on Apr 1970 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico; she was 85.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
8. John BROWNE. Born in 1830 in Greenore, Ireland, County Louth. John died in Manhattan, New York.<br />
<br />
John married Ann BROWNE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Thomas BROWNE (b.1859)<br />
ii. John BROWNE (b.1867)<br />
iii. George BROWNE (b.1868)<br />
4 iv. John Thomas BROWNE, *** (b.1871)<br />
v. Ann BROWNE (b.1873)<br />
vi. William BROWNE (b.1875)<br />
<br />
<br />
9. Ann BROWNE. Born in 1840 in Greenore, Ireland, County Louth. Ann died in Greenore, Ireland, County Louth.<br />
<br />
<br />
10. John BROWNE. Born in 1846 in Balli, Dublin, Ireland.<br />
<br />
John married Catherine BROWNE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Bridget BROWNE (b.1880)<br />
5 ii. Mary Ellen BROWNE, *** (b.1881)<br />
iii. Catherine BROWNE (b.1886)<br />
iv. Mary BROWNE (b.1888)<br />
<br />
<br />
11. Catherine BROWNE. Born in 1859 in Balli, Dublin, Ireland.<br />
<br />
<br />
12. Emilio AYES, de Jesus. Born in 1846 in Salinas, Puerto Rico. Emilio died on Nov 19 1918 in Salinas, Puerto Rico; he was 72.<br />
<br />
Emilio married Petronila Ortiz JESUS.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Rosario Ayes ORTIZ (1863 - 1918)<br />
ii. Nazario AYES ORTIZ (b.1871)<br />
iii. Narciso AYES, Ortiz (b.1873)<br />
iv. Juan Ayes ORTIZ (b.1873)<br />
v. Antonio Ayes ORTIZ (b.1875)<br />
6 vi. Feliciano Ayes ORTIZ, (PCID) (1880 - 1930)<br />
vii. Luis Antonio Ayes ORTIZ (b.1880)<br />
viii. Angela Ayes ORTIZ (b.1880)<br />
ix. Pedro Pablo AYES ORTIZ (b.1881)<br />
x. Filomena Ayes ORTIZ (1885 - 1892)<br />
xi. Dorotea Ayes ORTIZ (b.1885)<br />
xii. Emilio Ayes ORTIZ (b.1886)<br />
xiii. Dolores Ayes ORTIZ (b.1887)<br />
xiv. Francisco Ayes ORTIZ (1889 - 1964)<br />
xv. Milagro Vargas AYES (b.1893)<br />
xvi. Petronila AYES (b.1905)<br />
<br />
<br />
13. Petronila Ortiz JESUS. Born in 1859 in Salinas, Puerto Rico-also Guayama. Petronila died on Jun 26 1904 in Barrio Lapa, Salinas, Puerto Rico; she was 45.<br />
<br />
<br />
14. Gumercindo MALDONADO, Ortiz (PCID). Born in 1859 in Salinas, Puerto Rico. Gumercindo died in Salinas, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
Gumercindo married Asuncion ORTIZ, (PCID).<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Eusebio MALDONADO, Ortiz (PCID) ()<br />
ii. Eustapiria MALDONADO, Ortiz (PCID) (b.1870)<br />
iii. Flor MALDONADO (b.1875)<br />
iv. Julia MALDONADO, (PCID) (b.1875)<br />
v. Luisa MALDONADO, Ortiz (PCID) (b.1880)<br />
7 vi. Juana de la Paz MALDONADO, Ortiz (PCID) (1884 - 1970)<br />
vii. Catalicia MALDONADO, Ortiz (PCID) (b.1885)<br />
viii. Anastacia MALDONADO, Ortiz (PCID) (b.1886)<br />
ix. Cantalicia MALDONADO, Ortiz (b.1887)<br />
x. Manuel MALDONADO, Ortiz (PCID) (b.1890)<br />
xi. Pablo MALDONADO, Ortiz (PCID) (b.1891)<br />
<br />
<br />
15. Asuncion ORTIZ, (PCID). Born in 1861 in Salinas, Puerto Rico. Asuncion died in Salinas, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
GG Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
19. Elizabeth BROWNE. Born in 1824 in Greenore, Ireland, County Louth.<br />
<br />
<br />
24. Miguel LEGRANDE. Died in 1889.<br />
<br />
Miguel married Juana Jacinta Ayes DE JESUS, (PCID).<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Manuel AYES DE JESUS (???? - 1887)<br />
ii. Eusebio AYES, de Jesus (b.1839)<br />
12 iii. Emilio AYES, de Jesus (1846 - 1918)<br />
iv. Juan Bautista AYES, de Jesus (1861 - 1886)<br />
v. Leonor DE JESUS (b.1862)<br />
vi. Francisca AYES, de Jesus (1864 - 1948)<br />
vii. Rita DE JESUS (b.1872)<br />
viii. Antonio AYES, de Jesus (b.1880)<br />
ix. Felicito AYES, de Jesus (b.1881)<br />
x. Ramona AYES DE JESUS (1881 - 1888)<br />
<br />
<br />
25. Juana Jacinta Ayes DE JESUS, (PCID). Born in 1810 in Salinas, Puerto Rico. Juana died on Oct 31 1889 in Salinas, Puerto Rico; she was 79.<br />
<br />
<br />
26. Pablo ORTIZ. Born in 1765 in Salinas, Puerto Rico. Pablo died in Salinas, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
Pablo married Juana Evangelista DE JESUS, Santos.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
13 i. Petronila Ortiz JESUS (1859 - 1904)<br />
<br />
<br />
27. Juana Evangelista DE JESUS, Santos. Born in 1788 in Coamo, Puerto Rico. Juana died on Apr 03 1866 in Salinas, Puerto Rico; she was 78.<br />
<br />
<br />
28. Maldonado UNKNOWN.<br />
<br />
Maldonado married Ortiz (PCID).<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Leonore MALDONADO, (PCID) (b.1840)<br />
ii. Laura MALDONADO, (PCID) (b.1850)<br />
14 iii. Gumercindo MALDONADO, Ortiz (PCID) (b.1859)<br />
iv. Josefa MALDONADO, (PCID) (b.1860)<br />
v. Rosa MALDONADO, (PCID) (b.1866)<br />
vi. Monserrate MALDONADO, (PCID) (b.1866)<br />
vii. Juan MALDONADO, (PCID) (b.1868)<br />
<br />
<br />
29. Ortiz (PCID).<br />
<br />
<br />
30. Francisco ORTIZ, (PCID). Born in 1845 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
Francisco married Carmen Diaz GONZALEZ.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Alejandro ORTIZ (b.1860)<br />
15 ii. Asuncion ORTIZ, (PCID) (b.1861)<br />
iii. Avelino ORTIZ, Ortiz (PCID) (b.1865)<br />
iv. Aracelio ORTIZ (b.1870)<br />
v. Felipa ORTIZ, y Diaz de Bertoli (b.1880)<br />
vi. Carmen ORTIZ, (PCID) (b.1882)<br />
vii. Juana ORTIZ (b.1884)<br />
viii. Remijio ORTIZ (b.1885)<br />
<br />
<br />
31. Carmen Diaz GONZALEZ. Born in 1848 in Pueblo, Salinas, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
GGG Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
50. Juan Luis ALES, Lucia (Ayes). Born in 1770 in Saint Thomas, Virgin Islands. Juan died in Coamo, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
On Jun 21 1824, when Juan was 54, he married Juana Evangelista DE JESUS, Santos.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Candido AYES DE JESUS, (PCID) ()<br />
ii. Francisca AYES DE JESUS, (PCID) ()<br />
25 iii. Juana Jacinta Ayes DE JESUS, (PCID) (1810 - 1889)<br />
iv. Maria de Gracia AYES DE JESUS, (PCID) (b.1829)<br />
v. Maria Magdalena AYES DE JESUS, (PCID) (b.1841)<br />
<br />
<br />
51. Juana Evangelista DE JESUS, Santos. Born in 1788 in Coamo, Puerto Rico. Juana died on Apr 03 1866 in Salinas, Puerto Rico; she was 78.<br />
<br />
<br />
54. Juan de la Rosa DE JESUS, Ramos. Born in 1767 in Coamo, Puerto Rico. Juan died on Jan 08 1839 in Coamo, Puerto Rico; he was 72.<br />
<br />
On Jul 04 1784, when Juan was 17, he married Barbara Santos RODRIGUEZ.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Rosa Maria DE JESUS, Santos (b.1775)<br />
ii. Julia DE JESUS, Santos (b.1776)<br />
iii. Alberta DE JESUS, Santos (b.1777)<br />
iv. Jose DE JESUS, Santos (b.1778)<br />
v. Manuel DE JESUS, Santos (b.1779)<br />
27 vi. Juana Evangelista DE JESUS, Santos (1788 - 1866)<br />
<br />
<br />
55. Barbara Santos RODRIGUEZ. Born in 1768. Barbara died on Jan 21 1812 in Coamo, Puerto Rico; she was 44.<br />
<br />
<br />
60. Ortiz (PCID).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
4G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
100. Louis ALLES. Born in 1751.<br />
<br />
Louis married Isabel LUCIA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
50 i. Juan Luis ALES, Lucia (Ayes) (b.1770)<br />
ii. Henry ALLES (b.1771)<br />
<br />
<br />
101. Isabel LUCIA. Born in 1759.<br />
<br />
<br />
102. Juan de la Rosa DE JESUS, Ramos. Born in 1767 in Coamo, Puerto Rico. Juan died on Jan 08 1839 in Coamo, Puerto Rico; he was 72.<br />
<br />
On Jul 04 1784, when Juan was 17, he married Barbara Santos RODRIGUEZ.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Rosa Maria DE JESUS, Santos (b.1775)<br />
ii. Julia DE JESUS, Santos (b.1776)<br />
iii. Alberta DE JESUS, Santos (b.1777)<br />
iv. Jose DE JESUS, Santos (b.1778)<br />
v. Manuel DE JESUS, Santos (b.1779)<br />
51 vi. Juana Evangelista DE JESUS, Santos (1788 - 1866)<br />
<br />
<br />
103. Barbara Santos RODRIGUEZ. Born in 1768. Barbara died on Jan 21 1812 in Coamo, Puerto Rico; she was 44.<br />
<br />
<br />
108. Domingo de Silva DE JESUS. Born in 1748 in Coamo, Puerto Rico. Domingo died in 1804 in Coamo, Puerto Rico; he was 56.<br />
<br />
Domingo married Maria RAMOS.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
54 i. Juan de la Rosa DE JESUS, Ramos (1767 - 1839)<br />
<br />
<br />
109. Maria RAMOS. Born in 1759. Maria died in 1803 in Coamo, Puerto Rico; she was 44.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
5G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
200. Louis ALLES. Born in 1726 in Lisboa, Lisbonne, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
204. Domingo de Silva DE JESUS. Born in 1748 in Coamo, Puerto Rico. Domingo died in 1804 in Coamo, Puerto Rico; he was 56.<br />
<br />
Domingo married Maria RAMOS.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
102 i. Juan de la Rosa DE JESUS, Ramos (1767 - 1839)<br />
<br />
<br />
205. Maria RAMOS. Born in 1759. Maria died in 1803 in Coamo, Puerto Rico; she was 44.<br />
<br />
<br />
216. Domingo de Silva DE JESUS. Born in 1718 in Canary Islands. Domingo died in Coamo, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
Domingo married Isabel DE MENA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Tomas de Mena DE JESUS ()<br />
ii. Domingo DE JESUS (b.1703)<br />
iii. Manuel DE JESUS (b.1727)<br />
108 iv. Domingo de Silva DE JESUS (1748 - 1804)<br />
<br />
<br />
217. Isabel DE MENA. Born in 1720 in Canary Islands. Isabel died in Isla de San Juan de Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
6G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
400. Louis ALLE. Born in 1706 in Sante Martin de Valgalgues, Ales, France. Louis died in Lisboa, Lisbonne, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Louis married Antonione Marie ALLES.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
200 i. Louis ALLES (b.1726)<br />
<br />
<br />
401. Antonione Marie ALLES. Born in 1708 in Sainte Martin de Valgalgues, Ales, France. Antonione died in Lisboa, Lisbonne, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
408. Domingo de Silva DE JESUS. Born in 1718 in Canary Islands. Domingo died in Coamo, Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
Domingo married Isabel DE MENA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Tomas de Mena DE JESUS ()<br />
ii. Domingo DE JESUS (b.1703)<br />
iii. Manuel DE JESUS (b.1727)<br />
204 iv. Domingo de Silva DE JESUS (1748 - 1804)<br />
<br />
<br />
409. Isabel DE MENA. Born in 1720 in Canary Islands. Isabel died in Isla de San Juan de Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
<br />
432. Andres Alvarez DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1688 in Islas Canarias.<br />
<br />
Andres married Ana Concepcion DE JESUS.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
216 i. Domingo de Silva DE JESUS (b.1718)<br />
<br />
<br />
433. Ana Concepcion DE JESUS. Born in 1690 in Islas Canarias.<br />
<br />
<br />
434. Roque DE MENA. Born in 1567 in Zamora, Spain. Roque died in Zamora, Spain.<br />
<br />
Roque married Isabel Torres DE VILLALPANDO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Ana DE MENA (b.1594)<br />
ii. Maria DE MENA (b.1600)<br />
iii. Tomas DE MENA (1640 - 1686)<br />
217 iv. Isabel DE MENA (b.1720)<br />
<br />
<br />
435. Isabel Torres DE VILLALPANDO. Born in 1569 in Zamora, Spain. Isabel died in Zamora, Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
7G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
816. Andres Alvarez DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1688 in Islas Canarias.<br />
<br />
Andres married Ana Concepcion DE JESUS.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
408 i. Domingo de Silva DE JESUS (b.1718)<br />
<br />
<br />
817. Ana Concepcion DE JESUS. Born in 1690 in Islas Canarias.<br />
<br />
<br />
818. Roque DE MENA. Born in 1567 in Zamora, Spain. Roque died in Zamora, Spain.<br />
<br />
Roque married Isabel Torres DE VILLALPANDO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Ana DE MENA (b.1594)<br />
ii. Maria DE MENA (b.1600)<br />
iii. Tomas DE MENA (1640 - 1686)<br />
409 iv. Isabel DE MENA (b.1720)<br />
<br />
<br />
819. Isabel Torres DE VILLALPANDO. Born in 1569 in Zamora, Spain. Isabel died in Zamora, Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
864. Andres ALARCON, Silva Villena Cotino. Born in 1658 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
8G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
1632. Andres ALARCON, Silva Villena Cotino. Born in 1658 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
1728. Andres SILVA, Alarcon****. Born in 1628 in Santarem, Portugal. Andres died in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Andres married Maria COTINHO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Andres DE SILVA, Alarcon Morasquino (b.1627)<br />
864 ii. Andres ALARCON, Silva Villena Cotino (b.1658)<br />
<br />
<br />
1729. Maria COTINHO. Born in 1630 in Santarem, Portugal. Maria died in 1600 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
9G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
3264. Andres SILVA, Alarcon****. Born in 1628 in Santarem, Portugal. Andres died in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Andres married Maria COTINHO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Andres DE SILVA, Alarcon Morasquino (b.1627)<br />
1632 ii. Andres ALARCON, Silva Villena Cotino (b.1658)<br />
<br />
<br />
3265. Maria COTINHO. Born in 1630 in Santarem, Portugal. Maria died in 1600 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
3456. Martin DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1603 in Islas, Canarias. Martin died in Islas, Canarias.<br />
<br />
Martin married Luisa ALARCON, de Farjardo.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Andres Ramirez DE ALARCON (b.1562)<br />
ii. Fernando Ruiz de Alarcon DE SILVA (b.1564)<br />
iii. Covarrbias Guzman DE SILVA (b.1565)<br />
iv. Diego de Alarcon DE SILVA (b.1566)<br />
1728 v. Andres SILVA, Alarcon**** (b.1628)<br />
<br />
<br />
3457. Luisa ALARCON, de Farjardo. Born in 1605 in Murcia, Spain. Luisa died in Murcia, Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
3458. Sebastian COTINHO. Born in 1530 in Santarem, Portugal. Sebastian died in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
10G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
6528. Martin DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1603 in Islas, Canarias. Martin died in Islas, Canarias.<br />
<br />
Martin married Luisa ALARCON, de Farjardo.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Andres Ramirez DE ALARCON (b.1562)<br />
ii. Fernando Ruiz de Alarcon DE SILVA (b.1564)<br />
iii. Covarrbias Guzman DE SILVA (b.1565)<br />
iv. Diego de Alarcon DE SILVA (b.1566)<br />
3264 v. Andres SILVA, Alarcon**** (b.1628)<br />
<br />
<br />
6529. Luisa ALARCON, de Farjardo. Born in 1605 in Murcia, Spain. Luisa died in Murcia, Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
6530. Sebastian COTINHO. Born in 1530 in Santarem, Portugal. Sebastian died in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
6912. Juan DE SILVA, IV****. Born in 1520 in Teneirife, Islas, Canarias. Juan died in Islas, Canarias.<br />
<br />
Juan married Mencia DE VARGAS.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
3456 i. Martin DE SILVA, **** (b.1603)<br />
<br />
<br />
6913. Mencia DE VARGAS. Born in 1529 in Islas, Canarias. Mencia died in Islas, Canarias.<br />
<br />
<br />
6914. Alonso FAJARDO. Born in Murcia, Spain. Alonso died in Murcia, Spain.<br />
<br />
Alonso married Elvira DE NARVAEZ.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Pedro ALARCON DE FAJARDO (b.1475)<br />
ii. Nicolas ALARCON DE FAJARDO (1487 - 1527)<br />
iii. Martin ALARCON DE FAJARDO (b.1488)<br />
iv. Juan Garcia Alarcon DE FAJARDO, II (1489 - 1529)<br />
v. Juan ALARCON DE FARJARDO, I (b.1490)<br />
vi. Rodrigo ALARCON DE FAJARDO (b.1493)<br />
3457 vii. Luisa ALARCON, de Farjardo (b.1605)<br />
<br />
<br />
6915. Elvira DE NARVAEZ. Born in Murcia, Spain. Elvira died in Murcia, Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
11G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
13056. Juan DE SILVA, IV****. Born in 1520 in Teneirife, Islas, Canarias. Juan died in Islas, Canarias.<br />
<br />
Juan married Mencia DE VARGAS.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
6528 i. Martin DE SILVA, **** (b.1603)<br />
<br />
<br />
13057. Mencia DE VARGAS. Born in 1529 in Islas, Canarias. Mencia died in Islas, Canarias.<br />
<br />
<br />
13058. Alonso FAJARDO. Born in Murcia, Spain. Alonso died in Murcia, Spain.<br />
<br />
Alonso married Elvira DE NARVAEZ.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Pedro ALARCON DE FAJARDO (b.1475)<br />
ii. Nicolas ALARCON DE FAJARDO (1487 - 1527)<br />
iii. Martin ALARCON DE FAJARDO (b.1488)<br />
iv. Juan Garcia Alarcon DE FAJARDO, II (1489 - 1529)<br />
v. Juan ALARCON DE FARJARDO, I (b.1490)<br />
vi. Rodrigo ALARCON DE FAJARDO (b.1493)<br />
6529 vii. Luisa ALARCON, de Farjardo (b.1605)<br />
<br />
<br />
13059. Elvira DE NARVAEZ. Born in Murcia, Spain. Elvira died in Murcia, Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
13824. Francisco DE SILVA. Born in 1490 in Chamusca, Santarem Portugal.<br />
<br />
In 1512, when Francisco was 22, he married Maria DE NORONHA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Lucrecia de Vilhena DE SILVA ()<br />
ii. Ruy Gomez DE SILVA, II (1516 - 1573)<br />
iii. Hernando Gomes DE SILVA (b.1517)<br />
iv. Diego Gomez DE SILVA (b.1518)<br />
v. Diego Fernandez DE SILVA (b.1519)<br />
6912 vi. Juan DE SILVA, IV**** (b.1520)<br />
<br />
<br />
13825. Maria DE NORONHA. Born in 1497 in De Ulme, Chamusca, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
13828. Pedro FAJARDO, Chacon Manrique de L. Born in 1484 in Murcia, Spain. Pedro died in 1542; he was 58.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Mencia DE LA CUEVA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Luis Ybanez FAJARDO DE LA CUEVA ()<br />
6914 ii. Alonso FAJARDO ()<br />
iii. Diego Pacheco CHACON, Guevara Fajardo ()<br />
<br />
<br />
13829. Mencia DE LA CUEVA. Died in 1517.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
12G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
26112. Francisco DE SILVA. Born in 1490 in Chamusca, Santarem Portugal.<br />
<br />
In 1512, when Francisco was 22, he married Maria DE NORONHA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Lucrecia de Vilhena DE SILVA ()<br />
ii. Ruy Gomez DE SILVA, II (1516 - 1573)<br />
iii. Hernando Gomes DE SILVA (b.1517)<br />
iv. Diego Gomez DE SILVA (b.1518)<br />
v. Diego Fernandez DE SILVA (b.1519)<br />
13056 vi. Juan DE SILVA, IV**** (b.1520)<br />
<br />
<br />
26113. Maria DE NORONHA. Born in 1497 in De Ulme, Chamusca, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
26116. Pedro FAJARDO, Chacon Manrique de L. Born in 1484 in Murcia, Spain. Pedro died in 1542; he was 58.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Mencia DE LA CUEVA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Luis Ybanez FAJARDO DE LA CUEVA ()<br />
13058 ii. Alonso FAJARDO ()<br />
iii. Diego Pacheco CHACON, Guevara Fajardo ()<br />
<br />
<br />
26117. Mencia DE LA CUEVA. Died in 1517.<br />
<br />
<br />
27648. Juan DE SILVA, II****. Born in 1465 in Santarem, Portugal. Juan died in 1520 in Santarem, Portugal; he was 55.<br />
<br />
Juan married Juana ENRIQUEZ, Alvarez de Toledo.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Juan DE SILVA ()<br />
ii. Juan DE SILVA, III (b.1478)<br />
iii. Lorenzo DE SILVA (b.1479)<br />
13824 iv. Francisco DE SILVA (b.1490)<br />
v. Leonor Suarez y Mayor DE SILVA (b.1493)<br />
vi. Francisca DE SILVA (b.1498)<br />
<br />
<br />
27649. Juana ENRIQUEZ, Alvarez de Toledo. Born in 1425 in Castile, Spain. Juana died in 1498 in Santarem, Portugal; she was 73.<br />
<br />
<br />
27650. Ruy Tellez DE MENESES. Born in 1465 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Ruy married Guiomar DE NORONHA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
13825 i. Maria DE NORONHA (b.1497)<br />
<br />
<br />
27651. Guiomar DE NORONHA. Born in 1468 in Portugal. Guiomar died in 1536; she was 68.<br />
<br />
<br />
27656. Juan CHACON. Died in 1503 in Alcala de Henares..<br />
<br />
In 1483, Juan married Luisa Fajardo MANRIQUE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Gonzalo CHACON, Fajardo ()<br />
13828 ii. Pedro FAJARDO, Chacon Manrique de L (1484 - 1542)<br />
iii. Aixa Fajardo CHACON, Manrique de Lara (b.1485)<br />
<br />
<br />
27657. Luisa Fajardo MANRIQUE. Born in 1443 in Murcia, Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
27658. Francisco DE LA CUEVA.<br />
<br />
Francisco married Francisca ALVAREZ DE TOLEDO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
13829 i. Mencia DE LA CUEVA (???? - 1517)<br />
<br />
<br />
27659. Francisca ALVAREZ DE TOLEDO.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
13G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
52224. Juan DE SILVA, II****. Born in 1465 in Santarem, Portugal. Juan died in 1520 in Santarem, Portugal; he was 55.<br />
<br />
Juan married Juana ENRIQUEZ, Alvarez de Toledo.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Juan DE SILVA ()<br />
ii. Juan DE SILVA, III (b.1478)<br />
iii. Lorenzo DE SILVA (b.1479)<br />
26112 iv. Francisco DE SILVA (b.1490)<br />
v. Leonor Suarez y Mayor DE SILVA (b.1493)<br />
vi. Francisca DE SILVA (b.1498)<br />
<br />
<br />
52225. Juana ENRIQUEZ, Alvarez de Toledo. Born in 1425 in Castile, Spain. Juana died in 1498 in Santarem, Portugal; she was 73.<br />
<br />
<br />
52226. Ruy Tellez DE MENESES. Born in 1465 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Ruy married Guiomar DE NORONHA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
26113 i. Maria DE NORONHA (b.1497)<br />
<br />
<br />
52227. Guiomar DE NORONHA. Born in 1468 in Portugal. Guiomar died in 1536; she was 68.<br />
<br />
<br />
52232. Juan CHACON. Died in 1503 in Alcala de Henares..<br />
<br />
In 1483, Juan married Luisa Fajardo MANRIQUE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Gonzalo CHACON, Fajardo ()<br />
26116 ii. Pedro FAJARDO, Chacon Manrique de L (1484 - 1542)<br />
iii. Aixa Fajardo CHACON, Manrique de Lara (b.1485)<br />
<br />
<br />
52233. Luisa Fajardo MANRIQUE. Born in 1443 in Murcia, Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
52234. Francisco DE LA CUEVA.<br />
<br />
Francisco married Francisca ALVAREZ DE TOLEDO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
26117 i. Mencia DE LA CUEVA (???? - 1517)<br />
<br />
<br />
52235. Francisca ALVAREZ DE TOLEDO.<br />
<br />
<br />
55296. Ruy Gomez DE SILVA, I***. Born in 1427 in Santarem, Portugal. Ruy died in 1487 in Santarem, Portugal; he was 60.<br />
<br />
Ruy married Blanca DE ALMEIDA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
27648 i. Juan DE SILVA, II**** (1465 - 1520)<br />
<br />
<br />
55297. Blanca DE ALMEIDA. Born in 1430 in Santarem, Portugal. Blanca died in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
55298. Fadrique ENRIQUEZ. Born in 1399 in Spain. Fadrique died in 1473; he was 74.<br />
<br />
Fadrique married Mariana DE AYALA, Cordoba de Toledo.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
27649 i. Juana ENRIQUEZ, Alvarez de Toledo (1425 - 1498)<br />
<br />
<br />
55299. Mariana DE AYALA, Cordoba de Toledo. Born in 1407 in Spain. Mariana died in 1481 in Spain; she was 74.<br />
<br />
<br />
55300. Fernando Tellez DE MENESES. Born in 1430.<br />
<br />
Fernando married Maria Villena DE MELO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
27650 i. Ruy Tellez DE MENESES (b.1465)<br />
<br />
<br />
55301. Maria Villena DE MELO. Born in 1431.<br />
<br />
<br />
55302. Pedro DE NORONHA. Born in 1442 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Catarina DE TAVORA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
27651 i. Guiomar DE NORONHA (1468 - 1536)<br />
<br />
<br />
55303. Catarina DE TAVORA. Born in 1449.<br />
<br />
<br />
55312. Gonzalo CHACON.<br />
<br />
<br />
55314. Pedro FAJARDO, Quesada. Born in 1422 in Murcia, Spain. Pedro died in 1483; he was 61.<br />
<br />
In 1442, when Pedro was 20, he married Leonor MANRIQUE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Alfonso FAJARDO ()<br />
27657 ii. Luisa Fajardo MANRIQUE (b.1443)<br />
<br />
<br />
55315. Leonor MANRIQUE.<br />
<br />
<br />
55316. Beltran DE LA CUEVA.<br />
<br />
Beltran married Mencia DE MENDOZA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
27658 i. Francisco DE LA CUEVA ()<br />
ii. Maria DE LA CUEVA ()<br />
iii. Juan DE LA CUEVA ()<br />
iv. Nuno DE LA CUEVA ()<br />
v. Luis DE LA CUEVA (1510 - 1580)<br />
<br />
<br />
55317. Mencia DE MENDOZA.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
14G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
104448. Ruy Gomez DE SILVA, I***. Born in 1427 in Santarem, Portugal. Ruy died in 1487 in Santarem, Portugal; he was 60.<br />
<br />
Ruy married Blanca DE ALMEIDA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
52224 i. Juan DE SILVA, II**** (1465 - 1520)<br />
<br />
<br />
104449. Blanca DE ALMEIDA. Born in 1430 in Santarem, Portugal. Blanca died in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
104450. Fadrique ENRIQUEZ. Born in 1399 in Spain. Fadrique died in 1473; he was 74.<br />
<br />
Fadrique married Mariana DE AYALA, Cordoba de Toledo.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
52225 i. Juana ENRIQUEZ, Alvarez de Toledo (1425 - 1498)<br />
<br />
<br />
104451. Mariana DE AYALA, Cordoba de Toledo. Born in 1407 in Spain. Mariana died in 1481 in Spain; she was 74.<br />
<br />
<br />
104452. Fernando Tellez DE MENESES. Born in 1430.<br />
<br />
Fernando married Maria Villena DE MELO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
52226 i. Ruy Tellez DE MENESES (b.1465)<br />
<br />
<br />
104453. Maria Villena DE MELO. Born in 1431.<br />
<br />
<br />
104454. Pedro DE NORONHA. Born in 1442 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Catarina DE TAVORA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
52227 i. Guiomar DE NORONHA (1468 - 1536)<br />
<br />
<br />
104455. Catarina DE TAVORA. Born in 1449.<br />
<br />
<br />
104464. Gonzalo CHACON.<br />
<br />
<br />
104466. Pedro FAJARDO, Quesada. Born in 1422 in Murcia, Spain. Pedro died in 1483; he was 61.<br />
<br />
In 1442, when Pedro was 20, he married Leonor MANRIQUE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Alfonso FAJARDO ()<br />
52233 ii. Luisa Fajardo MANRIQUE (b.1443)<br />
<br />
<br />
104467. Leonor MANRIQUE.<br />
<br />
<br />
104468. Beltran DE LA CUEVA.<br />
<br />
Beltran married Mencia DE MENDOZA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
52234 i. Francisco DE LA CUEVA ()<br />
ii. Maria DE LA CUEVA ()<br />
iii. Juan DE LA CUEVA ()<br />
iv. Nuno DE LA CUEVA ()<br />
v. Luis DE LA CUEVA (1510 - 1580)<br />
<br />
<br />
104469. Mencia DE MENDOZA.<br />
<br />
<br />
110592. Gonzalo Gomes DE SILVA. Born in 1392 in Santarem, Portugal. Gonzalo died in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Gonzalo married Leonor GONZALVES COUTINHO, Melo.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Vasco Fernandez DE SILVA (1410 - 1477)<br />
55296 ii. Ruy Gomez DE SILVA, I*** (1427 - 1487)<br />
iii. Diego Gomez DE SILVA (b.1428)<br />
iv. Juan DE SILVA (b.1446)<br />
v. Gonzalo DE SILVA, *** (b.1459)<br />
<br />
<br />
110593. Leonor GONZALVES COUTINHO, Melo. Born in 1395 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
110596. Alonso ENRIQUEZ. Born in 1357 in Medina de Rioseco, Spain. Alonso died in 1429; he was 72.<br />
<br />
Alonso married Maria DE VELASCO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Beatriz ENRIQUEZ (b.1396)<br />
55298 ii. Fadrique ENRIQUEZ (1399 - 1473)<br />
iii. Aldonza ENRIQUEZ (b.1418)<br />
iv. Juana ENRIQUEZ (1445 - 1530)<br />
<br />
<br />
110597. Maria DE VELASCO. Born in 1360.<br />
<br />
<br />
110598. Diego Fernandez DE CORDOBA. Born in 1355 in Cordoba, Spain. Diego died in 1435 in Cordoba, Spain; he was 80.<br />
<br />
Diego married Ines DE TOLEDO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
55299 i. Mariana DE AYALA, Cordoba de Toledo (1407 - 1481)<br />
<br />
<br />
110599. Ines DE TOLEDO. Born in 1389 in Casarrubios del Monte, Spain. Ines died in 1453 in Cordoba, Spain; she was 64.<br />
<br />
<br />
110600. Aires Gomes DE SILVA. Born in 1337 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Aires married Brites Tellez DE MENESES.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Isabel DE SILVA, de Meneses ()<br />
ii. Joao DE SILVA (???? - 1445)<br />
55300 iii. Fernando Tellez DE MENESES (b.1430)<br />
<br />
<br />
110601. Brites Tellez DE MENESES. Born in 1354.<br />
<br />
<br />
110604. Pedro DE NORONHA. Born in 1379 in Portugal. Pedro died on Dec 08 1452 in Lisbon Portugal; he was 73.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Branca (Blanca) PERESTRELLO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Joao DE NORONHA (b.1435)<br />
ii. Diego DE NORONHA (b.1436)<br />
iii. Pedro DE NORONHA (b.1440)<br />
iv. Isabel DE NORONHA (b.1441)<br />
55302 v. Pedro DE NORONHA (b.1442)<br />
<br />
<br />
110605. Branca (Blanca) PERESTRELLO. Born in 1392 in Lisbon Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
110624. Pero CHACON.<br />
<br />
<br />
110628. Juan Alfonso FAJARDO. Born in 1402 in Murcia, Spain.<br />
<br />
Juan married Maria QUESADA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
55314 i. Pedro FAJARDO, Quesada (1422 - 1483)<br />
<br />
<br />
110629. Maria QUESADA.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
15G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
208896. Gonzalo Gomes DE SILVA. Born in 1392 in Santarem, Portugal. Gonzalo died in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Gonzalo married Leonor GONZALVES COUTINHO, Melo.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Vasco Fernandez DE SILVA (1410 - 1477)<br />
104448 ii. Ruy Gomez DE SILVA, I*** (1427 - 1487)<br />
iii. Diego Gomez DE SILVA (b.1428)<br />
iv. Juan DE SILVA (b.1446)<br />
v. Gonzalo DE SILVA, *** (b.1459)<br />
<br />
<br />
208897. Leonor GONZALVES COUTINHO, Melo. Born in 1395 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
208900. Alonso ENRIQUEZ. Born in 1357 in Medina de Rioseco, Spain. Alonso died in 1429; he was 72.<br />
<br />
Alonso married Maria DE VELASCO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Beatriz ENRIQUEZ (b.1396)<br />
104450 ii. Fadrique ENRIQUEZ (1399 - 1473)<br />
iii. Aldonza ENRIQUEZ (b.1418)<br />
iv. Juana ENRIQUEZ (1445 - 1530)<br />
<br />
<br />
208901. Maria DE VELASCO. Born in 1360.<br />
<br />
<br />
208902. Diego Fernandez DE CORDOBA. Born in 1355 in Cordoba, Spain. Diego died in 1435 in Cordoba, Spain; he was 80.<br />
<br />
Diego married Ines DE TOLEDO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
104451 i. Mariana DE AYALA, Cordoba de Toledo (1407 - 1481)<br />
<br />
<br />
208903. Ines DE TOLEDO. Born in 1389 in Casarrubios del Monte, Spain. Ines died in 1453 in Cordoba, Spain; she was 64.<br />
<br />
<br />
208904. Aires Gomes DE SILVA. Born in 1337 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Aires married Brites Tellez DE MENESES.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Isabel DE SILVA, de Meneses ()<br />
ii. Joao DE SILVA (???? - 1445)<br />
104452 iii. Fernando Tellez DE MENESES (b.1430)<br />
<br />
<br />
208905. Brites Tellez DE MENESES. Born in 1354.<br />
<br />
<br />
208908. Pedro DE NORONHA. Born in 1379 in Portugal. Pedro died on Dec 08 1452 in Lisbon Portugal; he was 73.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Branca (Blanca) PERESTRELLO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Joao DE NORONHA (b.1435)<br />
ii. Diego DE NORONHA (b.1436)<br />
iii. Pedro DE NORONHA (b.1440)<br />
iv. Isabel DE NORONHA (b.1441)<br />
104454 v. Pedro DE NORONHA (b.1442)<br />
<br />
<br />
208909. Branca (Blanca) PERESTRELLO. Born in 1392 in Lisbon Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
208928. Pero CHACON.<br />
<br />
<br />
208932. Juan Alfonso FAJARDO. Born in 1402 in Murcia, Spain.<br />
<br />
Juan married Maria QUESADA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
104466 i. Pedro FAJARDO, Quesada (1422 - 1483)<br />
<br />
<br />
208933. Maria QUESADA.<br />
<br />
<br />
221184. Aires Gomes DE SILVA. Born in 1337 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Aires married Maria Pais DE FONSECA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
110592 i. Gonzalo Gomes DE SILVA (b.1392)<br />
<br />
<br />
221185. Maria Pais DE FONSECA. Born in 1340 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
221186. Gonzalo MARTINEZ DE FONSECA. Born in 1290 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Gonzalo married Leonor Martins DE MELO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
110593 i. Leonor GONZALVES COUTINHO, Melo (b.1395)<br />
<br />
<br />
221187. Leonor Martins DE MELO. Born in 1310 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
221192. Fadrique de Medina ALFONSO, de Castile. Born on Oct 1334. Fadrique died in 1358 in Seville; he was 23.<br />
<br />
Fadrique married Paloma UNKNOWN.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
110596 i. Alonso ENRIQUEZ (1357 - 1429)<br />
<br />
<br />
221193. Paloma UNKNOWN. Born in 1336.<br />
<br />
<br />
221194. Diego Fernandez DE VELASCO, Tellez Giron. Born in 1340.<br />
<br />
Diego married Carmen Zuniga FERNANDEZ DE VELASCO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Pedro Fernandez DE VELASCO ()<br />
110597 ii. Maria DE VELASCO (b.1360)<br />
<br />
<br />
221195. Carmen Zuniga FERNANDEZ DE VELASCO. Born in 1346.<br />
<br />
<br />
221198. Pedro Suarez DE TOLEDO. Born in 1360.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Juana DE OROZCO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Juana DE OROZCO, Toledo ()<br />
110599 ii. Ines DE TOLEDO (1389 - 1453)<br />
<br />
<br />
221199. Juana DE OROZCO.<br />
<br />
<br />
221200. Joao Gomes DE SILVA. Born in 1270 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Joao married Margarita COELHO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
110600 i. Aires Gomes DE SILVA (b.1337)<br />
<br />
<br />
221201. Margarita COELHO. Born in 1280.<br />
<br />
<br />
221202. Martin Alfonso Tellez DE MENESES. Born in 1334. Martin died in 1384; he was 50.<br />
<br />
Martin married Teresa VASQUEZ COUTINHO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Leonor Tellez DE MENESES (1350 - 1405)<br />
110601 ii. Brites Tellez DE MENESES (b.1354)<br />
iii. Maria Tellez DE MENESES (b.1370)<br />
<br />
<br />
221203. Teresa VASQUEZ COUTINHO. Born in 1340.<br />
<br />
<br />
221208. Alfonso HENRIQUES, Castellade Noronha. Born in 1355 in Portugal. Alfonso died in 1400; he was 45.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Isabel DE PORTUGAL.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
110604 i. Pedro DE NORONHA (1379 - 1452)<br />
ii. Brites DE NORONHA (b.1380)<br />
iii. Diego HENRIQUES, de Noronha (b.1381)<br />
iv. Sancho DE NORONHA (b.1382)<br />
<br />
<br />
221209. Isabel DE PORTUGAL. Born in 1364 in Burgos, Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
221210. Felipe PERESTRELLO. Born in 1371 in Italia. Felipe died in Lisbon Portugal.<br />
<br />
Felipe married Catarina VICENTE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Rafael PERESTRELLO (b.1390)<br />
ii. Isabel PERESTRELLO (b.1391)<br />
110605 iii. Branca (Blanca) PERESTRELLO (b.1392)<br />
iv. Bartolomo PERESTRELLO (1400 - 1458)<br />
<br />
<br />
221211. Catarina VICENTE. Born in 1375 in Madeira, Portugal. Catarina died in Lisbon Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
221256. Alfonso Yanez FAJARDO. Died in 1396.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Teresa Rodriguez DE AVILES.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
110628 i. Juan Alfonso FAJARDO (b.1402)<br />
<br />
<br />
221257. Teresa Rodriguez DE AVILES.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
16G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
417792. Aires Gomes DE SILVA. Born in 1337 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Aires married Maria Pais DE FONSECA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
208896 i. Gonzalo Gomes DE SILVA (b.1392)<br />
<br />
<br />
417793. Maria Pais DE FONSECA. Born in 1340 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
417794. Gonzalo MARTINEZ DE FONSECA. Born in 1290 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Gonzalo married Leonor Martins DE MELO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
208897 i. Leonor GONZALVES COUTINHO, Melo (b.1395)<br />
<br />
<br />
417795. Leonor Martins DE MELO. Born in 1310 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
417800. Fadrique de Medina ALFONSO, de Castile. Born on Oct 1334. Fadrique died in 1358 in Seville; he was 23.<br />
<br />
Fadrique married Paloma UNKNOWN.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
208900 i. Alonso ENRIQUEZ (1357 - 1429)<br />
<br />
<br />
417801. Paloma UNKNOWN. Born in 1336.<br />
<br />
<br />
417802. Diego Fernandez DE VELASCO, Tellez Giron. Born in 1340.<br />
<br />
Diego married Carmen Zuniga FERNANDEZ DE VELASCO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Pedro Fernandez DE VELASCO ()<br />
208901 ii. Maria DE VELASCO (b.1360)<br />
<br />
<br />
417803. Carmen Zuniga FERNANDEZ DE VELASCO. Born in 1346.<br />
<br />
<br />
417806. Pedro Suarez DE TOLEDO. Born in 1360.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Juana DE OROZCO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Juana DE OROZCO, Toledo ()<br />
208903 ii. Ines DE TOLEDO (1389 - 1453)<br />
<br />
<br />
417807. Juana DE OROZCO.<br />
<br />
<br />
417808. Joao Gomes DE SILVA. Born in 1270 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Joao married Margarita COELHO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
208904 i. Aires Gomes DE SILVA (b.1337)<br />
<br />
<br />
417809. Margarita COELHO. Born in 1280.<br />
<br />
<br />
417810. Martin Alfonso Tellez DE MENESES. Born in 1334. Martin died in 1384; he was 50.<br />
<br />
Martin married Teresa VASQUEZ COUTINHO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Leonor Tellez DE MENESES (1350 - 1405)<br />
208905 ii. Brites Tellez DE MENESES (b.1354)<br />
iii. Maria Tellez DE MENESES (b.1370)<br />
<br />
<br />
417811. Teresa VASQUEZ COUTINHO. Born in 1340.<br />
<br />
<br />
417816. Alfonso HENRIQUES, Castellade Noronha. Born in 1355 in Portugal. Alfonso died in 1400; he was 45.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Isabel DE PORTUGAL.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
208908 i. Pedro DE NORONHA (1379 - 1452)<br />
ii. Brites DE NORONHA (b.1380)<br />
iii. Diego HENRIQUES, de Noronha (b.1381)<br />
iv. Sancho DE NORONHA (b.1382)<br />
<br />
<br />
417817. Isabel DE PORTUGAL. Born in 1364 in Burgos, Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
417818. Felipe PERESTRELLO. Born in 1371 in Italia. Felipe died in Lisbon Portugal.<br />
<br />
Felipe married Catarina VICENTE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Rafael PERESTRELLO (b.1390)<br />
ii. Isabel PERESTRELLO (b.1391)<br />
208909 iii. Branca (Blanca) PERESTRELLO (b.1392)<br />
iv. Bartolomo PERESTRELLO (1400 - 1458)<br />
<br />
<br />
417819. Catarina VICENTE. Born in 1375 in Madeira, Portugal. Catarina died in Lisbon Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
417864. Alfonso Yanez FAJARDO. Died in 1396.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Teresa Rodriguez DE AVILES.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
208932 i. Juan Alfonso FAJARDO (b.1402)<br />
<br />
<br />
417865. Teresa Rodriguez DE AVILES.<br />
<br />
<br />
442368. Joao Gomes DE SILVA. Born in 1270 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Joao married Margarita COELHO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
221184 i. Aires Gomes DE SILVA (b.1337)<br />
<br />
<br />
442369. Margarita COELHO. Born in 1280.<br />
<br />
<br />
442370. Estevao Martins DE LEOMIL. Born in 1260 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Estevao married Urraca Rodrigues DE FONSECA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Gonzalo MARTINEZ DE FONSECA (b.1290)<br />
221185 ii. Maria Pais DE FONSECA (b.1340)<br />
<br />
<br />
442371. Urraca Rodrigues DE FONSECA. Born in 1260 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
442372. Estevao Martins DE LEOMIL. Born in 1260 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Estevao married Urraca Rodrigues DE FONSECA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
221186 i. Gonzalo MARTINEZ DE FONSECA (b.1290)<br />
ii. Maria Pais DE FONSECA (b.1340)<br />
<br />
<br />
442373. Urraca Rodrigues DE FONSECA. Born in 1260 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
442384. Alfonso XI de Castile DE LEON. Born on Aug 13 1311 in Gibraltar. Alfonso died on Mar 26 1350; he was 38.<br />
<br />
In 1329, when Alfonso was 17, he married Leonor NUNEZ, de Guzman.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Juana Alfonso DE CASTILLA (b.1330)<br />
ii. Pedro Alfonso DE CASTILE (1330 - 1338)<br />
iii. Sancho Alfonso DE CASTILE (1331 - 1343)<br />
iv. Enrique II DE CASTILE (1333 - 1379)<br />
v. Enrique II DE TRASTAMARA (1334 - 1379)<br />
221192 vi. Fadrique de Medina ALFONSO, de Castile (1334 - 1358)<br />
vii. Fernando Alfonso DE CASTILE (b.1335)<br />
viii. Tello DE CASTILLA (1337 - 1370)<br />
ix. Juan Alfonso DE CASTILE (1338 - 1359)<br />
x. Sancho DE ALBURQUERQUE (1342 - 1375)<br />
xi. Pedro Alfonso DE CASTILE (1345 - 1359)<br />
<br />
<br />
442385. Leonor NUNEZ, de Guzman. Born in 1310 in Seville. Leonor died in 1351 in Alacarzar Talavera de la Reina; she was 41.<br />
<br />
<br />
442396. Dias Gomes DE TOLEDO. Born in 1340.<br />
<br />
Dias married Ines DE AYALA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
221198 i. Pedro Suarez DE TOLEDO (b.1360)<br />
ii. Pero Suarez DE TOLEDO (b.1361)<br />
<br />
<br />
442397. Ines DE AYALA. Born in 1345.<br />
<br />
<br />
442398. Inigo Lopez DE OROZCO. Died in 1367.<br />
<br />
<br />
442400. Gomes Pais DE SILVA. Born in 1220 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Gomes married Mecia DADE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
221200 i. Joao Gomes DE SILVA (b.1270)<br />
ii. Bertrandus DE SILVA (b.1282)<br />
<br />
<br />
442401. Mecia DADE. Born in 1225 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
442420. Gabriel PERESTRELLO. Born in 1346 in Spain. Gabriel died in Spain.<br />
<br />
Gabriel married Bertolina BANFORTES.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
221210 i. Felipe PERESTRELLO (b.1371)<br />
<br />
<br />
442421. Bertolina BANFORTES. Born in 1347 in Spain. Bertolina died in Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
442512. Alfon Yanez FAJARDO.<br />
<br />
<br />
442514. Rodrigo Rodriguez DE AVILES.<br />
<br />
Rodrigo married Beatriz Fernandez PACHECO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Maria DE AVILES, Pacheco ()<br />
221257 ii. Teresa Rodriguez DE AVILES ()<br />
iii. Lope Rodriguez DE AVILES ()<br />
iv. Gonzalo Rodriguez DE AVILES ()<br />
v. Rodrigo Pacheco DE AVILES ()<br />
vi. Juan Ortega DE AVILES ()<br />
<br />
<br />
442515. Beatriz Fernandez PACHECO.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
17G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
835584. Joao Gomes DE SILVA. Born in 1270 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Joao married Margarita COELHO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
417792 i. Aires Gomes DE SILVA (b.1337)<br />
<br />
<br />
835585. Margarita COELHO. Born in 1280.<br />
<br />
<br />
835586. Estevao Martins DE LEOMIL. Born in 1260 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Estevao married Urraca Rodrigues DE FONSECA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Gonzalo MARTINEZ DE FONSECA (b.1290)<br />
417793 ii. Maria Pais DE FONSECA (b.1340)<br />
<br />
<br />
835587. Urraca Rodrigues DE FONSECA. Born in 1260 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
835588. Estevao Martins DE LEOMIL. Born in 1260 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Estevao married Urraca Rodrigues DE FONSECA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
417794 i. Gonzalo MARTINEZ DE FONSECA (b.1290)<br />
ii. Maria Pais DE FONSECA (b.1340)<br />
<br />
<br />
835589. Urraca Rodrigues DE FONSECA. Born in 1260 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
835600. Alfonso XI de Castile DE LEON. Born on Aug 13 1311 in Gibraltar. Alfonso died on Mar 26 1350; he was 38.<br />
<br />
In 1329, when Alfonso was 17, he married Leonor NUNEZ, de Guzman.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Juana Alfonso DE CASTILLA (b.1330)<br />
ii. Pedro Alfonso DE CASTILE (1330 - 1338)<br />
iii. Sancho Alfonso DE CASTILE (1331 - 1343)<br />
iv. Enrique II DE CASTILE (1333 - 1379)<br />
v. Enrique II DE TRASTAMARA (1334 - 1379)<br />
417800 vi. Fadrique de Medina ALFONSO, de Castile (1334 - 1358)<br />
vii. Fernando Alfonso DE CASTILE (b.1335)<br />
viii. Tello DE CASTILLA (1337 - 1370)<br />
ix. Juan Alfonso DE CASTILE (1338 - 1359)<br />
x. Sancho DE ALBURQUERQUE (1342 - 1375)<br />
xi. Pedro Alfonso DE CASTILE (1345 - 1359)<br />
<br />
<br />
835601. Leonor NUNEZ, de Guzman. Born in 1310 in Seville. Leonor died in 1351 in Alacarzar Talavera de la Reina; she was 41.<br />
<br />
<br />
835612. Dias Gomes DE TOLEDO. Born in 1340.<br />
<br />
Dias married Ines DE AYALA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
417806 i. Pedro Suarez DE TOLEDO (b.1360)<br />
ii. Pero Suarez DE TOLEDO (b.1361)<br />
<br />
<br />
835613. Ines DE AYALA. Born in 1345.<br />
<br />
<br />
835614. Inigo Lopez DE OROZCO. Died in 1367.<br />
<br />
<br />
835616. Gomes Pais DE SILVA. Born in 1220 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Gomes married Mecia DADE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
417808 i. Joao Gomes DE SILVA (b.1270)<br />
ii. Bertrandus DE SILVA (b.1282)<br />
<br />
<br />
835617. Mecia DADE. Born in 1225 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
835636. Gabriel PERESTRELLO. Born in 1346 in Spain. Gabriel died in Spain.<br />
<br />
Gabriel married Bertolina BANFORTES.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
417818 i. Felipe PERESTRELLO (b.1371)<br />
<br />
<br />
835637. Bertolina BANFORTES. Born in 1347 in Spain. Bertolina died in Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
835728. Alfon Yanez FAJARDO.<br />
<br />
<br />
835730. Rodrigo Rodriguez DE AVILES.<br />
<br />
Rodrigo married Beatriz Fernandez PACHECO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Maria DE AVILES, Pacheco ()<br />
417865 ii. Teresa Rodriguez DE AVILES ()<br />
iii. Lope Rodriguez DE AVILES ()<br />
iv. Gonzalo Rodriguez DE AVILES ()<br />
v. Rodrigo Pacheco DE AVILES ()<br />
vi. Juan Ortega DE AVILES ()<br />
<br />
<br />
835731. Beatriz Fernandez PACHECO.<br />
<br />
<br />
884736. Gomes Pais DE SILVA. Born in 1220 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Gomes married Mecia DADE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
442368 i. Joao Gomes DE SILVA (b.1270)<br />
ii. Bertrandus DE SILVA (b.1282)<br />
<br />
<br />
884737. Mecia DADE. Born in 1225 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
884742. Rui Mendes DE FONSECA. Born in 1230 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Rui married Teresa Anes DE LEOMIL.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
442371 i. Urraca Rodrigues DE FONSECA (b.1260)<br />
<br />
<br />
884743. Teresa Anes DE LEOMIL. Born in 1230 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
884746. Rui Mendes DE FONSECA. Born in 1230 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Rui married Teresa Anes DE LEOMIL.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
442373 i. Urraca Rodrigues DE FONSECA (b.1260)<br />
<br />
<br />
884747. Teresa Anes DE LEOMIL. Born in 1230 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
884768. Fernando IV DE CASTILE. Born in 1285 in Seville. Fernando died in 1312 in Jaen; he was 27.<br />
<br />
Fernando married Constanza DE PORTUGAL.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Leonor DE CASTILE (1307 - 1359)<br />
442384 ii. Alfonso XI de Castile DE LEON (1311 - 1350)<br />
<br />
<br />
884769. Constanza DE PORTUGAL. Born on Jan 03 1290 in Borgona. Constanza died on Nov 18 1313; she was 23.<br />
<br />
<br />
884770. Pedro NUNEZ, de Guzman. Born in 1290 in Seville.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Juana PONCE DE LEON.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
442385 i. Leonor NUNEZ, de Guzman (1310 - 1351)<br />
<br />
<br />
884771. Juana PONCE DE LEON. Born in 1274.<br />
<br />
<br />
884794. Fernan Perez DE AYALA. Born in 1305. Fernan died in 1385; he was 80.<br />
<br />
Fernan married Elvira Alvarez DE CEBALLOS.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Diego Lopez DE AYALA (b.1330)<br />
ii. Pedro Lopez DE AYALA (b.1340)<br />
iii. Aldonza DE AYALA, de Ceballos (b.1341)<br />
iv. Leonor DE AYALA (b.1343)<br />
442397 v. Ines DE AYALA (b.1345)<br />
vi. Elvira Perez DE AYALA (b.1369)<br />
vii. Maria Perez de Ayala DE GUZMAN (b.1370)<br />
<br />
<br />
884795. Elvira Alvarez DE CEBALLOS. Born in 1306.<br />
<br />
<br />
884796. Inigo ORTIZ DE ZUNIGA.<br />
<br />
Inigo married Juana DE OROZCO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
442398 i. Inigo Lopez DE OROZCO (???? - 1367)<br />
<br />
<br />
884797. Juana DE OROZCO.<br />
<br />
<br />
884800. Pao GOMES, da Silva. Born in 1170 in Portugal. Pao died in 1258 in Portugal; he was 88.<br />
<br />
Pao married Maria FERNANDES.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
442400 i. Gomes Pais DE SILVA (b.1220)<br />
<br />
<br />
884801. Maria FERNANDES. Born in 1180 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
884840. Filoppo PERESTRELLO. Born in 1326 in Italia. Filoppo died in Italia.<br />
<br />
Filoppo married Catarina SFORZA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
442420 i. Gabriel PERESTRELLO (b.1346)<br />
<br />
<br />
884841. Catarina SFORZA. Born in 1339 in Italia. Catarina died in Italia.<br />
<br />
<br />
885024. Hernan Yanez FAJARDO.<br />
<br />
Hernan married Leonor MEXIA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
442512 i. Alfon Yanez FAJARDO ()<br />
<br />
<br />
885025. Leonor MEXIA.<br />
<br />
<br />
885028. Rodrigo Gonzalez DE AVILES.<br />
<br />
Rodrigo married Mencia GOMEZ.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Lope Rodriguez DE AVILES ()<br />
ii. Alfonso Gonzalez DE AVILES ()<br />
442514 iii. Rodrigo Rodriguez DE AVILES ()<br />
<br />
<br />
885029. Mencia GOMEZ.<br />
<br />
<br />
885030. Juan Fernandez PACHECO. Born in 1419 in Villena, Spain. Juan died in 1474; he was 55.<br />
<br />
Juan married Maria DE VELASCO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Cristobal de Velasco PACHECO ()<br />
ii. Mencia DE PACHECO ()<br />
442515 iii. Beatriz Fernandez PACHECO ()<br />
<br />
<br />
885031. Maria DE VELASCO.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
18G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
1671168. Gomes Pais DE SILVA. Born in 1220 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Gomes married Mecia DADE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
835584 i. Joao Gomes DE SILVA (b.1270)<br />
ii. Bertrandus DE SILVA (b.1282)<br />
<br />
<br />
1671169. Mecia DADE. Born in 1225 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
1671174. Rui Mendes DE FONSECA. Born in 1230 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Rui married Teresa Anes DE LEOMIL.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
835587 i. Urraca Rodrigues DE FONSECA (b.1260)<br />
<br />
<br />
1671175. Teresa Anes DE LEOMIL. Born in 1230 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
1671178. Rui Mendes DE FONSECA. Born in 1230 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Rui married Teresa Anes DE LEOMIL.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
835589 i. Urraca Rodrigues DE FONSECA (b.1260)<br />
<br />
<br />
1671179. Teresa Anes DE LEOMIL. Born in 1230 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
1671200. Fernando IV DE CASTILE. Born in 1285 in Seville. Fernando died in 1312 in Jaen; he was 27.<br />
<br />
Fernando married Constanza DE PORTUGAL.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Leonor DE CASTILE (1307 - 1359)<br />
835600 ii. Alfonso XI de Castile DE LEON (1311 - 1350)<br />
<br />
<br />
1671201. Constanza DE PORTUGAL. Born on Jan 03 1290 in Borgona. Constanza died on Nov 18 1313; she was 23.<br />
<br />
<br />
1671202. Pedro NUNEZ, de Guzman. Born in 1290 in Seville.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Juana PONCE DE LEON.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
835601 i. Leonor NUNEZ, de Guzman (1310 - 1351)<br />
<br />
<br />
1671203. Juana PONCE DE LEON. Born in 1274.<br />
<br />
<br />
1671226. Fernan Perez DE AYALA. Born in 1305. Fernan died in 1385; he was 80.<br />
<br />
Fernan married Elvira Alvarez DE CEBALLOS.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Diego Lopez DE AYALA (b.1330)<br />
ii. Pedro Lopez DE AYALA (b.1340)<br />
iii. Aldonza DE AYALA, de Ceballos (b.1341)<br />
iv. Leonor DE AYALA (b.1343)<br />
835613 v. Ines DE AYALA (b.1345)<br />
vi. Elvira Perez DE AYALA (b.1369)<br />
vii. Maria Perez de Ayala DE GUZMAN (b.1370)<br />
<br />
<br />
1671227. Elvira Alvarez DE CEBALLOS. Born in 1306.<br />
<br />
<br />
1671228. Inigo ORTIZ DE ZUNIGA.<br />
<br />
Inigo married Juana DE OROZCO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
835614 i. Inigo Lopez DE OROZCO (???? - 1367)<br />
<br />
<br />
1671229. Juana DE OROZCO.<br />
<br />
<br />
1671232. Pao GOMES, da Silva. Born in 1170 in Portugal. Pao died in 1258 in Portugal; he was 88.<br />
<br />
Pao married Maria FERNANDES.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
835616 i. Gomes Pais DE SILVA (b.1220)<br />
<br />
<br />
1671233. Maria FERNANDES. Born in 1180 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
1671272. Filoppo PERESTRELLO. Born in 1326 in Italia. Filoppo died in Italia.<br />
<br />
Filoppo married Catarina SFORZA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
835636 i. Gabriel PERESTRELLO (b.1346)<br />
<br />
<br />
1671273. Catarina SFORZA. Born in 1339 in Italia. Catarina died in Italia.<br />
<br />
<br />
1671456. Hernan Yanez FAJARDO.<br />
<br />
Hernan married Leonor MEXIA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
835728 i. Alfon Yanez FAJARDO ()<br />
<br />
<br />
1671457. Leonor MEXIA.<br />
<br />
<br />
1671460. Rodrigo Gonzalez DE AVILES.<br />
<br />
Rodrigo married Mencia GOMEZ.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Lope Rodriguez DE AVILES ()<br />
ii. Alfonso Gonzalez DE AVILES ()<br />
835730 iii. Rodrigo Rodriguez DE AVILES ()<br />
<br />
<br />
1671461. Mencia GOMEZ.<br />
<br />
<br />
1671462. Juan Fernandez PACHECO. Born in 1419 in Villena, Spain. Juan died in 1474; he was 55.<br />
<br />
Juan married Maria DE VELASCO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Cristobal de Velasco PACHECO ()<br />
ii. Mencia DE PACHECO ()<br />
835731 iii. Beatriz Fernandez PACHECO ()<br />
<br />
<br />
1671463. Maria DE VELASCO.<br />
<br />
<br />
1769472. Pao GOMES, da Silva. Born in 1170 in Portugal. Pao died in 1258 in Portugal; he was 88.<br />
<br />
Pao married Maria FERNANDES.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
884736 i. Gomes Pais DE SILVA (b.1220)<br />
<br />
<br />
1769473. Maria FERNANDES. Born in 1180 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
1769536. Sancho IV El Bravo DE CASTILE, y Leon. Born on Jun 1250 in Castle, Toledo Spain. Sancho died on Oct 10 1295 in Castle, Toledo Spain; he was 45.<br />
<br />
Sancho married Maria DE MOLINA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
884768 i. Fernando IV DE CASTILE (1285 - 1312)<br />
ii. Beatriz DE CASTILE (1293 - 1359)<br />
<br />
<br />
1769537. Maria DE MOLINA. Born in 1265. Maria died in 1321 in Valladolid; she was 56.<br />
<br />
<br />
1769538. Dinis EL REI LAVRADOR. Born on Oct 09 1261 in Lisbon Portugal. Dinis died on Jan 07 1325 in Santarem, Portugal; he was 63.<br />
<br />
Dinis married Saint Elisabet (Isabel) DE ARAGON.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Jao Afonso DE PORTUGAL (b.1287)<br />
884769 ii. Constanza DE PORTUGAL (1290 - 1313)<br />
iii. Afonso IV EL BRAVO, de Portugal (1291 - 1357)<br />
<br />
<br />
1769539. Saint Elisabet (Isabel) DE ARAGON. Born in 1271. Saint died on Jul 04 1336 in Coimbra; she was 65.<br />
<br />
<br />
1769542. Fernan Perez Ponce de Cabrera SILVA. Born in 1245 in Cadiz. Fernan died in 1291 in Jerez de la Frontera; he was 46.<br />
<br />
In 1280, when Fernan was 35, he married Urraca Gutierrez DE MENESES.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
884771 i. Juana PONCE DE LEON (b.1274)<br />
ii. Pedro PONCE DE LEON (b.1275)<br />
iii. Urraca PONCE DE LEON (b.1281)<br />
iv. Aldonza PEREZ, Ponce de Leon (b.1282)<br />
v. Isabel PONCE DE LEON (b.1284)<br />
vi. Fernando PEREZ, Ponce de Leon (1285 - 1331)<br />
vii. Beatriz PONCE DE LEON (b.1286)<br />
viii. Guterre PEREZ, Ponce de Leon (b.1290)<br />
<br />
<br />
1769543. Urraca Gutierrez DE MENESES. Born in 1260.<br />
<br />
<br />
1769588. Pedro Lopez DE AYALA. Born in 1286.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Sancha Fernades DE BARROSO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
884794 i. Fernan Perez DE AYALA (1305 - 1385)<br />
<br />
<br />
1769589. Sancha Fernades DE BARROSO. Born in 1290.<br />
<br />
<br />
1769600. Gomes Paez DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1120 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Gomes married Urraca NUNES VELHO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Johannes DE SILVA (b.1146)<br />
ii. Martin Gomes DE SILVA, **** (b.1150)<br />
iii. Urraca Gomes DE SILVA (b.1160)<br />
884800 iv. Pao GOMES, da Silva (1170 - 1258)<br />
v. Maria Gomes DE SILVA (b.1171)<br />
vi. Raimundus DE SILVA (b.1175)<br />
<br />
<br />
1769601. Urraca NUNES VELHO. Born in 1125 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
1769682. Giovanni ATTENDOLO. Born in 1319 in Cesena, Cotignola.<br />
<br />
Giovanni married Elisa PETRACCINI.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
884841 i. Catarina SFORZA (b.1339)<br />
ii. Muzio ATTENDOLO, Sforza (1369 - 1424)<br />
<br />
<br />
1769683. Elisa PETRACCINI. Born in 1351 in Cesena, Cotignola.<br />
<br />
<br />
1770048. Pedro Yanez FAJARDO.<br />
<br />
<br />
1770056. Ruy Gonzalez DE AVILES.<br />
<br />
<br />
1770060. Pedro DE PACHECO. Born in 1394 in Moguer, Portugal. Pedro died in 1429; he was 35.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Beatriz ENRIQUEZ.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
885030 i. Juan Fernandez PACHECO (1419 - 1474)<br />
<br />
<br />
1770061. Beatriz ENRIQUEZ. Born in 1396 in Medina de Rioseco, Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
1770062. Pedro Fernandez DE VELASCO.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Mencia DE MENDOZA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
885031 i. Maria DE VELASCO ()<br />
<br />
<br />
1770063. Mencia DE MENDOZA. Born in 1437.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
19G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
3342336. Pao GOMES, da Silva. Born in 1170 in Portugal. Pao died in 1258 in Portugal; he was 88.<br />
<br />
Pao married Maria FERNANDES.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
1671168 i. Gomes Pais DE SILVA (b.1220)<br />
<br />
<br />
3342337. Maria FERNANDES. Born in 1180 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
3342400. Sancho IV El Bravo DE CASTILE, y Leon. Born on Jun 1250 in Castle, Toledo Spain. Sancho died on Oct 10 1295 in Castle, Toledo Spain; he was 45.<br />
<br />
Sancho married Maria DE MOLINA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
1671200 i. Fernando IV DE CASTILE (1285 - 1312)<br />
ii. Beatriz DE CASTILE (1293 - 1359)<br />
<br />
<br />
3342401. Maria DE MOLINA. Born in 1265. Maria died in 1321 in Valladolid; she was 56.<br />
<br />
<br />
3342402. Dinis EL REI LAVRADOR. Born on Oct 09 1261 in Lisbon Portugal. Dinis died on Jan 07 1325 in Santarem, Portugal; he was 63.<br />
<br />
Dinis married Saint Elisabet (Isabel) DE ARAGON.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Jao Afonso DE PORTUGAL (b.1287)<br />
1671201 ii. Constanza DE PORTUGAL (1290 - 1313)<br />
iii. Afonso IV EL BRAVO, de Portugal (1291 - 1357)<br />
<br />
<br />
3342403. Saint Elisabet (Isabel) DE ARAGON. Born in 1271. Saint died on Jul 04 1336 in Coimbra; she was 65.<br />
<br />
<br />
3342406. Fernan Perez Ponce de Cabrera SILVA. Born in 1245 in Cadiz. Fernan died in 1291 in Jerez de la Frontera; he was 46.<br />
<br />
In 1280, when Fernan was 35, he married Urraca Gutierrez DE MENESES.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
1671203 i. Juana PONCE DE LEON (b.1274)<br />
ii. Pedro PONCE DE LEON (b.1275)<br />
iii. Urraca PONCE DE LEON (b.1281)<br />
iv. Aldonza PEREZ, Ponce de Leon (b.1282)<br />
v. Isabel PONCE DE LEON (b.1284)<br />
vi. Fernando PEREZ, Ponce de Leon (1285 - 1331)<br />
vii. Beatriz PONCE DE LEON (b.1286)<br />
viii. Guterre PEREZ, Ponce de Leon (b.1290)<br />
<br />
<br />
3342407. Urraca Gutierrez DE MENESES. Born in 1260.<br />
<br />
<br />
3342452. Pedro Lopez DE AYALA. Born in 1286.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Sancha Fernades DE BARROSO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
1671226 i. Fernan Perez DE AYALA (1305 - 1385)<br />
<br />
<br />
3342453. Sancha Fernades DE BARROSO. Born in 1290.<br />
<br />
<br />
3342464. Gomes Paez DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1120 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Gomes married Urraca NUNES VELHO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Johannes DE SILVA (b.1146)<br />
ii. Martin Gomes DE SILVA, **** (b.1150)<br />
iii. Urraca Gomes DE SILVA (b.1160)<br />
1671232 iv. Pao GOMES, da Silva (1170 - 1258)<br />
v. Maria Gomes DE SILVA (b.1171)<br />
vi. Raimundus DE SILVA (b.1175)<br />
<br />
<br />
3342465. Urraca NUNES VELHO. Born in 1125 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
3342546. Giovanni ATTENDOLO. Born in 1319 in Cesena, Cotignola.<br />
<br />
Giovanni married Elisa PETRACCINI.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
1671273 i. Catarina SFORZA (b.1339)<br />
ii. Muzio ATTENDOLO, Sforza (1369 - 1424)<br />
<br />
<br />
3342547. Elisa PETRACCINI. Born in 1351 in Cesena, Cotignola.<br />
<br />
<br />
3342912. Pedro Yanez FAJARDO.<br />
<br />
<br />
3342920. Ruy Gonzalez DE AVILES.<br />
<br />
<br />
3342924. Pedro DE PACHECO. Born in 1394 in Moguer, Portugal. Pedro died in 1429; he was 35.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Beatriz ENRIQUEZ.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
1671462 i. Juan Fernandez PACHECO (1419 - 1474)<br />
<br />
<br />
3342925. Beatriz ENRIQUEZ. Born in 1396 in Medina de Rioseco, Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
3342926. Pedro Fernandez DE VELASCO.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Mencia DE MENDOZA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
1671463 i. Maria DE VELASCO ()<br />
<br />
<br />
3342927. Mencia DE MENDOZA. Born in 1437.<br />
<br />
<br />
3538944. Gomes Paez DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1120 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Gomes married Urraca NUNES VELHO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Johannes DE SILVA (b.1146)<br />
ii. Martin Gomes DE SILVA, **** (b.1150)<br />
iii. Urraca Gomes DE SILVA (b.1160)<br />
1769472 iv. Pao GOMES, da Silva (1170 - 1258)<br />
v. Maria Gomes DE SILVA (b.1171)<br />
vi. Raimundus DE SILVA (b.1175)<br />
<br />
<br />
3538945. Urraca NUNES VELHO. Born in 1125 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
3539072. Alfonso X, El Sabio de Galicia. Born on Nov 23 1221 in Castle, Toledo Spain. Alfonso died on Apr 04 1284 in Seville; he was 62.<br />
<br />
On Dec 26 1246, when Alfonso was 25, he married Violante DE ARAGON.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
1769536 i. Sancho IV El Bravo DE CASTILE, y Leon (1250 - 1295)<br />
ii. Fernando UNKNOWN (1252 - 1252)<br />
iii. Ferdinando DE LA CERDA (1253 - 1275)<br />
iv. Berengaria DE CASTILE (1254 - 1286)<br />
v. Beatriz DE CASTILE (1255 - 1280)<br />
vi. Constanza DE CASTILE, III (1256 - 1280)<br />
vii. Leonor of Castile UNKNOWN (1257 - 1275)<br />
viii. Pedro DE CASTILE (1261 - 1283)<br />
ix. Juan DE CASTILE (1262 - 1319)<br />
x. Isabella DE CASTILE (1263 - 1263)<br />
xi. Jaime DE CASTILE (1266 - 1284)<br />
<br />
<br />
3539073. Violante DE ARAGON. Born in 1236 in Zaragoza, Spain. Violante died in 1301 in Roncevalles; she was 65.<br />
<br />
<br />
3539074. Alfonso Lord DE MOLINA. Born in 1203 in Castile. Alfonso died in 1272; he was 69.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Mayor Alonso DE MENESES.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
1769537 i. Maria DE MOLINA (1265 - 1321)<br />
<br />
<br />
3539075. Mayor Alonso DE MENESES. Born in 1210.<br />
<br />
<br />
3539076. Afonso III DE PORTUGAL. Born on May 05 1210 in Coimbra, Portugal. Afonso died on Feb 16 1279 in Alcobaza, Lisbon; he was 68.<br />
<br />
Afonso married Mahaut DE DAMMARTIN.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
1769538 i. Dinis EL REI LAVRADOR (1261 - 1325)<br />
<br />
<br />
3539077. Mahaut DE DAMMARTIN. Born in 1216. Mahaut died in 1260; she was 44.<br />
<br />
<br />
3539084. Pedro Ponce DE CABRERA. Born in 1210.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Aldonza Alfonso DE LEON, Martins de Silva***.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
1769542 i. Fernan Perez Ponce de Cabrera SILVA (1245 - 1291)<br />
<br />
<br />
3539085. Aldonza Alfonso DE LEON, Martins de Silva***. Born in 1215 in Toledo, Castile, Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
3539086. Gutierre Suarez DE MENESES. Born in 1220.<br />
<br />
Gutierre married Elvira Anes DE SOUSA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
1769543 i. Urraca Gutierrez DE MENESES (b.1260)<br />
<br />
<br />
3539087. Elvira Anes DE SOUSA. Born in 1240.<br />
<br />
<br />
3539178. Garcia FERNANDES BARROSO. Born in 1260.<br />
<br />
Garcia married Teresa Fernandes DE SAAVEDRA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Gomes FERNADES BARROSO (b.1280)<br />
ii. Pedro BARROSO (b.1281)<br />
iii. Elvira BARROSO (b.1282)<br />
1769589 iv. Sancha Fernades DE BARROSO (b.1290)<br />
v. Ines BARROSO (b.1291)<br />
<br />
<br />
3539179. Teresa Fernandes DE SAAVEDRA. Born in 1265.<br />
<br />
<br />
3539200. Pelayo Guterres DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1090 in Portugal. Pelayo died in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Pelayo married Sancha ANES, de Montor.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Pedro PAIS DE SILVA (b.1115)<br />
ii. Justa PAIS, de Silva (b.1116)<br />
1769600 iii. Gomes Paez DE SILVA, **** (b.1120)<br />
iv. Maior Pais DE SILVA (b.1121)<br />
v. Johannes DE SILVA (b.1130)<br />
<br />
<br />
3539201. Sancha ANES, de Montor. Born in 1095 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
3539202. Nuno SOARES, Velho. Born in 1150 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Nuno married Mor PIRES PERNA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
1769601 i. Urraca NUNES VELHO (b.1125)<br />
<br />
<br />
3539203. Mor PIRES PERNA. Born in 1160 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
3540122. Alonso ENRIQUEZ. Born in 1357 in Medina de Rioseco, Spain. Alonso died in 1429; he was 72.<br />
<br />
Alonso married Maria DE VELASCO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
1770061 i. Beatriz ENRIQUEZ (b.1396)<br />
ii. Fadrique ENRIQUEZ (1399 - 1473)<br />
iii. Aldonza ENRIQUEZ (b.1418)<br />
iv. Juana ENRIQUEZ (1445 - 1530)<br />
<br />
<br />
3540123. Maria DE VELASCO. Born in 1360.<br />
<br />
<br />
3540124. Diego Fernandez DE VELASCO, Tellez Giron. Born in 1340.<br />
<br />
Diego married Carmen Zuniga FERNANDEZ DE VELASCO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
1770062 i. Pedro Fernandez DE VELASCO ()<br />
ii. Maria DE VELASCO (b.1360)<br />
<br />
<br />
3540125. Carmen Zuniga FERNANDEZ DE VELASCO. Born in 1346.<br />
<br />
<br />
3540126. Inigo Lopez DE MENDOZA, II. Born in 1419. Inigo died in 1479; he was 60.<br />
<br />
Inigo married Elvira DE QUINONES, Lebron.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
1770063 i. Mencia DE MENDOZA (b.1437)<br />
ii. Maria DE MENDOZA (b.1439)<br />
iii. Lorenzo Suarez DE MENDOZA (b.1440)<br />
iv. Ana Lopez DE LA CERDA, Mendoza (b.1478)<br />
<br />
<br />
3540127. Elvira DE QUINONES, Lebron. Born in 1425.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
20G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
6684672. Gomes Paez DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1120 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Gomes married Urraca NUNES VELHO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Johannes DE SILVA (b.1146)<br />
ii. Martin Gomes DE SILVA, **** (b.1150)<br />
iii. Urraca Gomes DE SILVA (b.1160)<br />
3342336 iv. Pao GOMES, da Silva (1170 - 1258)<br />
v. Maria Gomes DE SILVA (b.1171)<br />
vi. Raimundus DE SILVA (b.1175)<br />
<br />
<br />
6684673. Urraca NUNES VELHO. Born in 1125 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
6684800. Alfonso X, El Sabio de Galicia. Born on Nov 23 1221 in Castle, Toledo Spain. Alfonso died on Apr 04 1284 in Seville; he was 62.<br />
<br />
On Dec 26 1246, when Alfonso was 25, he married Violante DE ARAGON.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
3342400 i. Sancho IV El Bravo DE CASTILE, y Leon (1250 - 1295)<br />
ii. Fernando UNKNOWN (1252 - 1252)<br />
iii. Ferdinando DE LA CERDA (1253 - 1275)<br />
iv. Berengaria DE CASTILE (1254 - 1286)<br />
v. Beatriz DE CASTILE (1255 - 1280)<br />
vi. Constanza DE CASTILE, III (1256 - 1280)<br />
vii. Leonor of Castile UNKNOWN (1257 - 1275)<br />
viii. Pedro DE CASTILE (1261 - 1283)<br />
ix. Juan DE CASTILE (1262 - 1319)<br />
x. Isabella DE CASTILE (1263 - 1263)<br />
xi. Jaime DE CASTILE (1266 - 1284)<br />
<br />
<br />
6684801. Violante DE ARAGON. Born in 1236 in Zaragoza, Spain. Violante died in 1301 in Roncevalles; she was 65.<br />
<br />
<br />
6684802. Alfonso Lord DE MOLINA. Born in 1203 in Castile. Alfonso died in 1272; he was 69.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Mayor Alonso DE MENESES.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
3342401 i. Maria DE MOLINA (1265 - 1321)<br />
<br />
<br />
6684803. Mayor Alonso DE MENESES. Born in 1210.<br />
<br />
<br />
6684804. Afonso III DE PORTUGAL. Born on May 05 1210 in Coimbra, Portugal. Afonso died on Feb 16 1279 in Alcobaza, Lisbon; he was 68.<br />
<br />
Afonso married Mahaut DE DAMMARTIN.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
3342402 i. Dinis EL REI LAVRADOR (1261 - 1325)<br />
<br />
<br />
6684805. Mahaut DE DAMMARTIN. Born in 1216. Mahaut died in 1260; she was 44.<br />
<br />
<br />
6684812. Pedro Ponce DE CABRERA. Born in 1210.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Aldonza Alfonso DE LEON, Martins de Silva***.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
3342406 i. Fernan Perez Ponce de Cabrera SILVA (1245 - 1291)<br />
<br />
<br />
6684813. Aldonza Alfonso DE LEON, Martins de Silva***. Born in 1215 in Toledo, Castile, Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
6684814. Gutierre Suarez DE MENESES. Born in 1220.<br />
<br />
Gutierre married Elvira Anes DE SOUSA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
3342407 i. Urraca Gutierrez DE MENESES (b.1260)<br />
<br />
<br />
6684815. Elvira Anes DE SOUSA. Born in 1240.<br />
<br />
<br />
6684906. Garcia FERNANDES BARROSO. Born in 1260.<br />
<br />
Garcia married Teresa Fernandes DE SAAVEDRA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Gomes FERNADES BARROSO (b.1280)<br />
ii. Pedro BARROSO (b.1281)<br />
iii. Elvira BARROSO (b.1282)<br />
3342453 iv. Sancha Fernades DE BARROSO (b.1290)<br />
v. Ines BARROSO (b.1291)<br />
<br />
<br />
6684907. Teresa Fernandes DE SAAVEDRA. Born in 1265.<br />
<br />
<br />
6684928. Pelayo Guterres DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1090 in Portugal. Pelayo died in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Pelayo married Sancha ANES, de Montor.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Pedro PAIS DE SILVA (b.1115)<br />
ii. Justa PAIS, de Silva (b.1116)<br />
3342464 iii. Gomes Paez DE SILVA, **** (b.1120)<br />
iv. Maior Pais DE SILVA (b.1121)<br />
v. Johannes DE SILVA (b.1130)<br />
<br />
<br />
6684929. Sancha ANES, de Montor. Born in 1095 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
6684930. Nuno SOARES, Velho. Born in 1150 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Nuno married Mor PIRES PERNA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
3342465 i. Urraca NUNES VELHO (b.1125)<br />
<br />
<br />
6684931. Mor PIRES PERNA. Born in 1160 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
6685850. Alonso ENRIQUEZ. Born in 1357 in Medina de Rioseco, Spain. Alonso died in 1429; he was 72.<br />
<br />
Alonso married Maria DE VELASCO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
3342925 i. Beatriz ENRIQUEZ (b.1396)<br />
ii. Fadrique ENRIQUEZ (1399 - 1473)<br />
iii. Aldonza ENRIQUEZ (b.1418)<br />
iv. Juana ENRIQUEZ (1445 - 1530)<br />
<br />
<br />
6685851. Maria DE VELASCO. Born in 1360.<br />
<br />
<br />
6685852. Diego Fernandez DE VELASCO, Tellez Giron. Born in 1340.<br />
<br />
Diego married Carmen Zuniga FERNANDEZ DE VELASCO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
3342926 i. Pedro Fernandez DE VELASCO ()<br />
ii. Maria DE VELASCO (b.1360)<br />
<br />
<br />
6685853. Carmen Zuniga FERNANDEZ DE VELASCO. Born in 1346.<br />
<br />
<br />
6685854. Inigo Lopez DE MENDOZA, II. Born in 1419. Inigo died in 1479; he was 60.<br />
<br />
Inigo married Elvira DE QUINONES, Lebron.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
3342927 i. Mencia DE MENDOZA (b.1437)<br />
ii. Maria DE MENDOZA (b.1439)<br />
iii. Lorenzo Suarez DE MENDOZA (b.1440)<br />
iv. Ana Lopez DE LA CERDA, Mendoza (b.1478)<br />
<br />
<br />
6685855. Elvira DE QUINONES, Lebron. Born in 1425.<br />
<br />
<br />
7077888. Pelayo Guterres DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1090 in Portugal. Pelayo died in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Pelayo married Sancha ANES, de Montor.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Pedro PAIS DE SILVA (b.1115)<br />
ii. Justa PAIS, de Silva (b.1116)<br />
3538944 iii. Gomes Paez DE SILVA, **** (b.1120)<br />
iv. Maior Pais DE SILVA (b.1121)<br />
v. Johannes DE SILVA (b.1130)<br />
<br />
<br />
7077889. Sancha ANES, de Montor. Born in 1095 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
7077890. Nuno SOARES, Velho. Born in 1150 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Nuno married Mor PIRES PERNA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
3538945 i. Urraca NUNES VELHO (b.1125)<br />
<br />
<br />
7077891. Mor PIRES PERNA. Born in 1160 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
7078144. Fernando III DE CASTILE, Saint. Born in 1199 in Valparaiso, Zamora Spain. Fernando died on May 30 1252; he was 53.<br />
<br />
Fernando married Elisabeth OF HOHENSTAUFEN.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
3539072 i. Alfonso X, El Sabio de Galicia (1221 - 1284)<br />
ii. Fadrique DE CASTILE, (Infante) (1223 - 1277)<br />
iii. Ferdinand DE CASTILE (1225 - 1243)<br />
iv. Berenguela DE CASTILE (1228 - 1288)<br />
v. Enrique Henry DE CASTILE (b.1229)<br />
vi. Philip DE CASTILE (1231 - 1274)<br />
vii. Sancho DE CASTILE (1233 - 1271)<br />
viii. Juan MANUEL (1234 - 1283)<br />
ix. Eleanor DE CASTILE, I (1234 - 1290)<br />
x. Maria DE CASTILE (1235 - 1235)<br />
<br />
<br />
7078145. Elisabeth OF HOHENSTAUFEN. Born in 1203. Elisabeth died in 1235 in Castile, Spain; she was 32.<br />
<br />
<br />
7078146. Jaime I EL CONQUISTADOR. Born in 1213 in Montpellier. Jaime died in 1276; he was 63.<br />
<br />
Jaime married Leonor I DE CASTILE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
3539073 i. Violante DE ARAGON (1236 - 1301)<br />
ii. Jaime II DE MAJORCA (1243 - 1311)<br />
<br />
<br />
7078147. Leonor I DE CASTILE. Born in 1183 in Burgos.<br />
<br />
<br />
7078148. Alfonso IX DE LEON, El Baboso. Born on Aug 15 1171 in Toledo, Castile, Spain. Alfonso died in 1230 in Castile, Spain; he was 58.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Berenguela DE CASTILE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Fernando III DE CASTILE, Saint (1199 - 1252)<br />
3539074 ii. Alfonso Lord DE MOLINA (1203 - 1272)<br />
iii. Constanza DE LEON (1205 - 1242)<br />
iv. Berenguela DE LEON (1210 - 1237)<br />
<br />
<br />
7078149. Berenguela DE CASTILE. Born in 1198 in Castile, Spain. Berenguela died on Oct 31 1210 in Toledo, Castile, Spain; she was 12.<br />
<br />
<br />
7078150. Alfonso Tellez DE MENESES. Born in 1175.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Maria Elvira RUIZ GIRON.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Tellez Afonso DE MENESES (b.1199)<br />
ii. Alfonso Tellez DE MENESES (b.1200)<br />
iii. Garcia Tellez DE MENESES (b.1206)<br />
iv. Tello Tellez II DE MENESES (b.1207)<br />
v. Suero Tellez DE MENESES (b.1208)<br />
vi. Teresa Tellez DE MENESES (b.1209)<br />
3539075 vii. Mayor Alonso DE MENESES (b.1210)<br />
<br />
<br />
7078151. Maria Elvira RUIZ GIRON. Born in 1179.<br />
<br />
<br />
7078152. Afonso II EL GORDO, de Portugal. Born on Apr 25 1185 in Coimbra, Portugal. Afonso died on Mar 15 1223 in Coimbra, Portugal; he was 37.<br />
<br />
Afonso married Urraca DE CASTILE.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
3539076 i. Afonso III DE PORTUGAL (1210 - 1279)<br />
<br />
<br />
7078153. Urraca DE CASTILE. Born in 1186 in Castile, Spain. Urraca died in 1220 in Portugal; she was 34.<br />
<br />
<br />
7078154. Renaud DE DAMMARTIN. Born in 1165. Renaud died in 1227; he was 62.<br />
<br />
Renaud married Ida Countess DE BOULOGNE.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
3539077 i. Mahaut DE DAMMARTIN (1216 - 1260)<br />
<br />
<br />
7078155. Ida Countess DE BOULOGNE. Born in 1160. Ida died in 1216; she was 56.<br />
<br />
<br />
7078168. Vela Ponce GUTIERREZ. Born in 1180 in Catalunia.<br />
<br />
Vela married Sancha PONCE DE CABRERA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
3539084 i. Pedro Ponce DE CABRERA (b.1210)<br />
<br />
<br />
7078169. Sancha PONCE DE CABRERA.<br />
<br />
<br />
7078170. Alfonso IX DE LEON, El Baboso. Born on Aug 15 1171 in Toledo, Castile, Spain. Alfonso died in 1230 in Castile, Spain; he was 58.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Aldonza Martinez DE SILVA, ****.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Pedro Alfonso DE LEON, Martins de Silva (b.1200)<br />
ii. Rodrigo Alfonso DE LEON, Martins de Silva (b.1201)<br />
iii. Fernando Alfonso DE LEON, Martins de Silva (1202 - 1202)<br />
iv. Teresa Alfonso DE LEON, Martins de Silva (b.1210)<br />
3539085 v. Aldonza Alfonso DE LEON, Martins de Silva*** (b.1215)<br />
<br />
<br />
7078171. Aldonza Martinez DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1175 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
7078356. Fernao PIRES BARROSO. Born in 1230.<br />
<br />
Fernao married Mencia Pires DE SOTOMAYOR.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
3539178 i. Garcia FERNANDES BARROSO (b.1260)<br />
<br />
<br />
7078357. Mencia Pires DE SOTOMAYOR. Born in 1233 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
7078400. Guterrez Pelayez Alderete DE SILVA. Born in 1060 in Guimarraes, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Guterrez married Maria Perez DE AMBIA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Maria Soares DE SILVA (b.1005)<br />
3539200 ii. Pelayo Guterres DE SILVA, **** (b.1090)<br />
<br />
<br />
7078401. Maria Perez DE AMBIA. Born in 1070 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
7078402. Joao Ramirez SENOR DE MONTOR.<br />
<br />
<br />
7078404. Soeiro NUNES VELHO. Born in 1110 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Soeiro married Aldonca NUNES.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
3539202 i. Nuno SOARES, Velho (b.1150)<br />
<br />
<br />
7078405. Aldonca NUNES. Born in 1120 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
7080244. Fadrique de Medina ALFONSO, de Castile. Born on Oct 1334. Fadrique died in 1358 in Seville; he was 23.<br />
<br />
Fadrique married Paloma UNKNOWN.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
3540122 i. Alonso ENRIQUEZ (1357 - 1429)<br />
<br />
<br />
7080245. Paloma UNKNOWN. Born in 1336.<br />
<br />
<br />
7080246. Diego Fernandez DE VELASCO, Tellez Giron. Born in 1340.<br />
<br />
Diego married Carmen Zuniga FERNANDEZ DE VELASCO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Pedro Fernandez DE VELASCO ()<br />
3540123 ii. Maria DE VELASCO (b.1360)<br />
<br />
<br />
7080247. Carmen Zuniga FERNANDEZ DE VELASCO. Born in 1346.<br />
<br />
<br />
7080252. Inigo Lopez DE LA CERDA. Born in 1424 in Palencia, Spain. Inigo died in Guadalajara, Spain.<br />
<br />
Inigo married Catalina Suarez DE FIGUEROA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Elvira Lopez DE MENDOZA (b.1416)<br />
ii. Diego Hurtado DE MENDOZA (1417 - 1479)<br />
3540126 iii. Inigo Lopez DE MENDOZA, II (1419 - 1479)<br />
iv. Pedro Gonzalez DE MENDOZA, *** (1428 - 1495)<br />
<br />
<br />
7080253. Catalina Suarez DE FIGUEROA. Born in 1460.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
21G Grandparents<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
13369344. Pelayo Guterres DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1090 in Portugal. Pelayo died in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Pelayo married Sancha ANES, de Montor.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Pedro PAIS DE SILVA (b.1115)<br />
ii. Justa PAIS, de Silva (b.1116)<br />
6684672 iii. Gomes Paez DE SILVA, **** (b.1120)<br />
iv. Maior Pais DE SILVA (b.1121)<br />
v. Johannes DE SILVA (b.1130)<br />
<br />
<br />
13369345. Sancha ANES, de Montor. Born in 1095 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
13369346. Nuno SOARES, Velho. Born in 1150 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Nuno married Mor PIRES PERNA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
6684673 i. Urraca NUNES VELHO (b.1125)<br />
<br />
<br />
13369347. Mor PIRES PERNA. Born in 1160 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
13369600. Fernando III DE CASTILE, Saint. Born in 1199 in Valparaiso, Zamora Spain. Fernando died on May 30 1252; he was 53.<br />
<br />
Fernando married Elisabeth OF HOHENSTAUFEN.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
6684800 i. Alfonso X, El Sabio de Galicia (1221 - 1284)<br />
ii. Fadrique DE CASTILE, (Infante) (1223 - 1277)<br />
iii. Ferdinand DE CASTILE (1225 - 1243)<br />
iv. Berenguela DE CASTILE (1228 - 1288)<br />
v. Enrique Henry DE CASTILE (b.1229)<br />
vi. Philip DE CASTILE (1231 - 1274)<br />
vii. Sancho DE CASTILE (1233 - 1271)<br />
viii. Juan MANUEL (1234 - 1283)<br />
ix. Eleanor DE CASTILE, I (1234 - 1290)<br />
x. Maria DE CASTILE (1235 - 1235)<br />
<br />
<br />
13369601. Elisabeth OF HOHENSTAUFEN. Born in 1203. Elisabeth died in 1235 in Castile, Spain; she was 32.<br />
<br />
<br />
13369602. Jaime I EL CONQUISTADOR. Born in 1213 in Montpellier. Jaime died in 1276; he was 63.<br />
<br />
Jaime married Leonor I DE CASTILE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
6684801 i. Violante DE ARAGON (1236 - 1301)<br />
ii. Jaime II DE MAJORCA (1243 - 1311)<br />
<br />
<br />
13369603. Leonor I DE CASTILE. Born in 1183 in Burgos.<br />
<br />
<br />
13369604. Alfonso IX DE LEON, El Baboso. Born on Aug 15 1171 in Toledo, Castile, Spain. Alfonso died in 1230 in Castile, Spain; he was 58.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Berenguela DE CASTILE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Fernando III DE CASTILE, Saint (1199 - 1252)<br />
6684802 ii. Alfonso Lord DE MOLINA (1203 - 1272)<br />
iii. Constanza DE LEON (1205 - 1242)<br />
iv. Berenguela DE LEON (1210 - 1237)<br />
<br />
<br />
13369605. Berenguela DE CASTILE. Born in 1198 in Castile, Spain. Berenguela died on Oct 31 1210 in Toledo, Castile, Spain; she was 12.<br />
<br />
<br />
13369606. Alfonso Tellez DE MENESES. Born in 1175.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Maria Elvira RUIZ GIRON.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Tellez Afonso DE MENESES (b.1199)<br />
ii. Alfonso Tellez DE MENESES (b.1200)<br />
iii. Garcia Tellez DE MENESES (b.1206)<br />
iv. Tello Tellez II DE MENESES (b.1207)<br />
v. Suero Tellez DE MENESES (b.1208)<br />
vi. Teresa Tellez DE MENESES (b.1209)<br />
6684803 vii. Mayor Alonso DE MENESES (b.1210)<br />
<br />
<br />
13369607. Maria Elvira RUIZ GIRON. Born in 1179.<br />
<br />
<br />
13369608. Afonso II EL GORDO, de Portugal. Born on Apr 25 1185 in Coimbra, Portugal. Afonso died on Mar 15 1223 in Coimbra, Portugal; he was 37.<br />
<br />
Afonso married Urraca DE CASTILE.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
6684804 i. Afonso III DE PORTUGAL (1210 - 1279)<br />
<br />
<br />
13369609. Urraca DE CASTILE. Born in 1186 in Castile, Spain. Urraca died in 1220 in Portugal; she was 34.<br />
<br />
<br />
13369610. Renaud DE DAMMARTIN. Born in 1165. Renaud died in 1227; he was 62.<br />
<br />
Renaud married Ida Countess DE BOULOGNE.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
6684805 i. Mahaut DE DAMMARTIN (1216 - 1260)<br />
<br />
<br />
13369611. Ida Countess DE BOULOGNE. Born in 1160. Ida died in 1216; she was 56.<br />
<br />
<br />
13369624. Vela Ponce GUTIERREZ. Born in 1180 in Catalunia.<br />
<br />
Vela married Sancha PONCE DE CABRERA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
6684812 i. Pedro Ponce DE CABRERA (b.1210)<br />
<br />
<br />
13369625. Sancha PONCE DE CABRERA.<br />
<br />
<br />
13369626. Alfonso IX DE LEON, El Baboso. Born on Aug 15 1171 in Toledo, Castile, Spain. Alfonso died in 1230 in Castile, Spain; he was 58.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Aldonza Martinez DE SILVA, ****.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Pedro Alfonso DE LEON, Martins de Silva (b.1200)<br />
ii. Rodrigo Alfonso DE LEON, Martins de Silva (b.1201)<br />
iii. Fernando Alfonso DE LEON, Martins de Silva (1202 - 1202)<br />
iv. Teresa Alfonso DE LEON, Martins de Silva (b.1210)<br />
6684813 v. Aldonza Alfonso DE LEON, Martins de Silva*** (b.1215)<br />
<br />
<br />
13369627. Aldonza Martinez DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1175 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
13369812. Fernao PIRES BARROSO. Born in 1230.<br />
<br />
Fernao married Mencia Pires DE SOTOMAYOR.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
6684906 i. Garcia FERNANDES BARROSO (b.1260)<br />
<br />
<br />
13369813. Mencia Pires DE SOTOMAYOR. Born in 1233 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
13369856. Guterrez Pelayez Alderete DE SILVA. Born in 1060 in Guimarraes, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Guterrez married Maria Perez DE AMBIA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Maria Soares DE SILVA (b.1005)<br />
6684928 ii. Pelayo Guterres DE SILVA, **** (b.1090)<br />
<br />
<br />
13369857. Maria Perez DE AMBIA. Born in 1070 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
13369858. Joao Ramirez SENOR DE MONTOR.<br />
<br />
<br />
13369860. Soeiro NUNES VELHO. Born in 1110 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Soeiro married Aldonca NUNES.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
6684930 i. Nuno SOARES, Velho (b.1150)<br />
<br />
<br />
13369861. Aldonca NUNES. Born in 1120 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
13371700. Fadrique de Medina ALFONSO, de Castile. Born on Oct 1334. Fadrique died in 1358 in Seville; he was 23.<br />
<br />
Fadrique married Paloma UNKNOWN.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
6685850 i. Alonso ENRIQUEZ (1357 - 1429)<br />
<br />
<br />
13371701. Paloma UNKNOWN. Born in 1336.<br />
<br />
<br />
13371702. Diego Fernandez DE VELASCO, Tellez Giron. Born in 1340.<br />
<br />
Diego married Carmen Zuniga FERNANDEZ DE VELASCO.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Pedro Fernandez DE VELASCO ()<br />
6685851 ii. Maria DE VELASCO (b.1360)<br />
<br />
<br />
13371703. Carmen Zuniga FERNANDEZ DE VELASCO. Born in 1346.<br />
<br />
<br />
13371708. Inigo Lopez DE LA CERDA. Born in 1424 in Palencia, Spain. Inigo died in Guadalajara, Spain.<br />
<br />
Inigo married Catalina Suarez DE FIGUEROA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Elvira Lopez DE MENDOZA (b.1416)<br />
ii. Diego Hurtado DE MENDOZA (1417 - 1479)<br />
6685854 iii. Inigo Lopez DE MENDOZA, II (1419 - 1479)<br />
iv. Pedro Gonzalez DE MENDOZA, *** (1428 - 1495)<br />
<br />
<br />
13371709. Catalina Suarez DE FIGUEROA. Born in 1460.<br />
<br />
<br />
14155776. Guterrez Pelayez Alderete DE SILVA. Born in 1060 in Guimarraes, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Guterrez married Maria Perez DE AMBIA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Maria Soares DE SILVA (b.1005)<br />
7077888 ii. Pelayo Guterres DE SILVA, **** (b.1090)<br />
<br />
<br />
14155777. Maria Perez DE AMBIA. Born in 1070 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
14155778. Joao Ramirez SENOR DE MONTOR.<br />
<br />
<br />
14155780. Soeiro NUNES VELHO. Born in 1110 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Soeiro married Aldonca NUNES.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
7077890 i. Nuno SOARES, Velho (b.1150)<br />
<br />
<br />
14155781. Aldonca NUNES. Born in 1120 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156288. Alfonso IX DE LEON, El Baboso. Born on Aug 15 1171 in Toledo, Castile, Spain. Alfonso died in 1230 in Castile, Spain; he was 58.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Berenguela DE CASTILE.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
7078144 i. Fernando III DE CASTILE, Saint (1199 - 1252)<br />
ii. Alfonso Lord DE MOLINA (1203 - 1272)<br />
iii. Constanza DE LEON (1205 - 1242)<br />
iv. Berenguela DE LEON (1210 - 1237)<br />
<br />
<br />
14156289. Berenguela DE CASTILE. Born in 1198 in Castile, Spain. Berenguela died on Oct 31 1210 in Toledo, Castile, Spain; she was 12.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156292. Pedro II BERENGUER, El Catolico. Born in 1185. Pedro died on Sep 12 1213 in Mure; he was 28.<br />
<br />
In 1204, when Pedro was 19, he married Maria DE MONTPELLIER.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
7078146 i. Jaime I EL CONQUISTADOR (1213 - 1276)<br />
<br />
<br />
14156293. Maria DE MONTPELLIER. Born in 1185. Maria died in 1213; she was 28.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156294. Alfonso VIII DE CASTILE. Born on Nov 11 1155 in Soria. Alfonso died on Oct 05 1214 in Gutierre Munoz; he was 58.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Eleanor PLANTAGENET.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Sancho DE CASTILE (b.1181)<br />
ii. Sancha DE CASTILE (1182 - 1184)<br />
7078147 iii. Leonor I DE CASTILE (b.1183)<br />
iv. Urraca DE CASTILE (1186 - 1220)<br />
v. Blanche DE CASTILE (1188 - 1252)<br />
vi. Ferdinand DE CASTILE (1189 - 1211)<br />
vii. Mahaut DE CASTILE (1191 - 1204)<br />
viii. Berenguela DE CASTILE (1198 - 1210)<br />
ix. Constanza DE CASTILE, II (1201 - 1243)<br />
x. Enrique (HENRY) I, de Castile (1204 - 1217)<br />
<br />
<br />
14156295. Eleanor PLANTAGENET. Born on Oct 13 1162 in Domfort, Normandy, France. Eleanor died on Oct 31 1214 in Valparaiso, Zamora Spain; she was 52.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156296. Ferdinand II Raimundez DE LEON. Born in 1137 in Toledo, Castile. Ferdinand died on Jan 22 1188; he was 51.<br />
<br />
Ferdinand married Urraca UNKNOWN.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
7078148 i. Alfonso IX DE LEON, El Baboso (1171 - 1230)<br />
<br />
<br />
14156297. Urraca UNKNOWN. Born in 1151 in Coimbra, Portugal. Urraca died in 1188 in Leon; she was 37.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156298. Alfonso VIII DE CASTILE. Born on Nov 11 1155 in Soria. Alfonso died on Oct 05 1214 in Gutierre Munoz; he was 58.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Eleanor PLANTAGENET.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Sancho DE CASTILE (b.1181)<br />
ii. Sancha DE CASTILE (1182 - 1184)<br />
iii. Leonor I DE CASTILE (b.1183)<br />
iv. Urraca DE CASTILE (1186 - 1220)<br />
v. Blanche DE CASTILE (1188 - 1252)<br />
vi. Ferdinand DE CASTILE (1189 - 1211)<br />
vii. Mahaut DE CASTILE (1191 - 1204)<br />
7078149 viii. Berenguela DE CASTILE (1198 - 1210)<br />
ix. Constanza DE CASTILE, II (1201 - 1243)<br />
x. Enrique (HENRY) I, de Castile (1204 - 1217)<br />
<br />
<br />
14156299. Eleanor PLANTAGENET. Born on Oct 13 1162 in Domfort, Normandy, France. Eleanor died on Oct 31 1214 in Valparaiso, Zamora Spain; she was 52.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156300. Tello Perez DE MENESES. Born in 1150. Tello died in 1230; he was 80.<br />
<br />
In 1161, when Tello was 11, he married Gontrada Garcia DE VILLAMAYOR.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
7078150 i. Alfonso Tellez DE MENESES (b.1175)<br />
<br />
<br />
14156301. Gontrada Garcia DE VILLAMAYOR. Born in 1160 in Galicia, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156304. Sancho I. Born on Nov 11 1154 in Coimbra, Portugal. Sancho died on Mar 26 1212 in Coimbra, Portugal; he was 57.<br />
<br />
Sancho married Dolca (Dulce) BERENGUER, II de Barcelona.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Teresa Sanches DE PORTUGAL (1181 - 1250)<br />
ii. Sancha Sanches DE PORTUGAL (1182 - 1289)<br />
iii. Constanza Sanches DE PORTUGAL (b.1183)<br />
7078152 iv. Afonso II EL GORDO, de Portugal (1185 - 1223)<br />
v. Raimundo SANCHES, de Portugal (1185 - 1189)<br />
vi. Pedro Sanches COUNT DE URGILL (1187 - 1258)<br />
vii. Fernando Sanches COUNT OF FLANDERS (1188 - 1233)<br />
viii. Henrique SANCHES, de Portugal (b.1189)<br />
ix. Branca Sanches LADY OF GUADALAJARA (1192 - 1240)<br />
x. Mafalda Sanches QUEEN OF CASTILE (1200 - 1256)<br />
<br />
<br />
14156305. Dolca (Dulce) BERENGUER, II de Barcelona. Born in 1151 in Barcelona. Dolca died in 1198 in Coimbra, Portugal; she was 47.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156306. Alfonso VIII DE CASTILE. Born on Nov 11 1155 in Soria. Alfonso died on Oct 05 1214 in Gutierre Munoz; he was 58.<br />
<br />
Alfonso married Eleanor PLANTAGENET.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Sancho DE CASTILE (b.1181)<br />
ii. Sancha DE CASTILE (1182 - 1184)<br />
iii. Leonor I DE CASTILE (b.1183)<br />
7078153 iv. Urraca DE CASTILE (1186 - 1220)<br />
v. Blanche DE CASTILE (1188 - 1252)<br />
vi. Ferdinand DE CASTILE (1189 - 1211)<br />
vii. Mahaut DE CASTILE (1191 - 1204)<br />
viii. Berenguela DE CASTILE (1198 - 1210)<br />
ix. Constanza DE CASTILE, II (1201 - 1243)<br />
x. Enrique (HENRY) I, de Castile (1204 - 1217)<br />
<br />
<br />
14156307. Eleanor PLANTAGENET. Born on Oct 13 1162 in Domfort, Normandy, France. Eleanor died on Oct 31 1214 in Valparaiso, Zamora Spain; she was 52.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156310. Matthew DE ALSACE. Born in 1130. Matthew died in 1173; he was 43.<br />
<br />
Matthew married Marie Countess DE BOULOGNE.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
7078155 i. Ida Countess DE BOULOGNE (1160 - 1216)<br />
<br />
<br />
14156311. Marie Countess DE BOULOGNE.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156336. Pedro PONCIO. Born in 1150 in Catalunia.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Elvira Perez DE TRAVA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
7078168 i. Vela Ponce GUTIERREZ (b.1180)<br />
<br />
<br />
14156337. Elvira Perez DE TRAVA.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156338. Ponce Guerau de Cabrera UNKNOWN.<br />
<br />
Ponce married Maria Fernandez DE TRAVA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
7078169 i. Sancha PONCE DE CABRERA ()<br />
<br />
<br />
14156339. Maria Fernandez DE TRAVA.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156340. Ferdinand II Raimundez DE LEON. Born in 1137 in Toledo, Castile. Ferdinand died on Jan 22 1188; he was 51.<br />
<br />
Ferdinand married Urraca UNKNOWN.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
7078170 i. Alfonso IX DE LEON, El Baboso (1171 - 1230)<br />
<br />
<br />
14156341. Urraca UNKNOWN. Born in 1151 in Coimbra, Portugal. Urraca died in 1188 in Leon; she was 37.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156342. Martin Gomes DE SILVA, ****. Born in 1150 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Martin married Urraca RUIZ DE CABRERA.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
7078171 i. Aldonza Martinez DE SILVA, **** (b.1175)<br />
<br />
<br />
14156343. Urraca RUIZ DE CABRERA. Born in 1150 in Santarem, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156714. Garcia Mendes DE SOTOMAYOR. Born in 1213 in Portugal.<br />
<br />
Garcia married Teresa Fernandes DE SAAVEDRA.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Alfonso Garcia DE SOTOMAYOR (b.1230)<br />
7078357 ii. Mencia Pires DE SOTOMAYOR (b.1233)<br />
iii. Paio Pires DE SOTOMAYOR (b.1255)<br />
<br />
<br />
14156715. Teresa Fernandes DE SAAVEDRA. Born in 1215.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156800. Pelayo Pelayez DE CISNEROS. Born in 1025 in Guimarraes, Portugal.<br />
<br />
Pelayo married Mayor GONZALES MUNIADONA, Muniz.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Gonzalo PELAEZ (???? - 1133)<br />
7078400 ii. Guterrez Pelayez Alderete DE SILVA (b.1060)<br />
<br />
<br />
14156801. Mayor GONZALES MUNIADONA, Muniz. Born in 1030 in Guimarraes, Portugal.<br />
<br />
<br />
14156804. Ramiro Frade SENOR DE MONTOR.<br />
<br />
<br />
14160488. Alfonso XI de Castile DE LEON. Born on Aug 13 1311 in Gibraltar. Alfonso died on Mar 26 1350; he was 38.<br />
<br />
In 1329, when Alfonso was 17, he married Leonor NUNEZ, de Guzman.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Juana Alfonso DE CASTILLA (b.1330)<br />
ii. Pedro Alfonso DE CASTILE (1330 - 1338)<br />
iii. Sancho Alfonso DE CASTILE (1331 - 1343)<br />
iv. Enrique II DE CASTILE (1333 - 1379)<br />
v. Enrique II DE TRASTAMARA (1334 - 1379)<br />
7080244 vi. Fadrique de Medina ALFONSO, de Castile (1334 - 1358)<br />
vii. Fernando Alfonso DE CASTILE (b.1335)<br />
viii. Tello DE CASTILLA (1337 - 1370)<br />
ix. Juan Alfonso DE CASTILE (1338 - 1359)<br />
x. Sancho DE ALBURQUERQUE (1342 - 1375)<br />
xi. Pedro Alfonso DE CASTILE (1345 - 1359)<br />
<br />
<br />
14160489. Leonor NUNEZ, de Guzman. Born in 1310 in Seville. Leonor died in 1351 in Alacarzar Talavera de la Reina; she was 41.<br />
<br />
<br />
14160504. Pedro Gonzalez DE MENDOZA, I. Born in 1379.<br />
<br />
Pedro married Aldonza Fernandez de Ayala DE SOTOMAYOR.<br />
They had the following children ...<br />
i. Juan Lopez DE MENDOZA (b.1366)<br />
ii. Diego Hurtado DE MENDOZA, I (1367 - 1404)<br />
7080252 iii. Inigo Lopez DE LA CERDA (b.1424)<br />
<br />
<br />
14160505. Aldonza Fernandez de Ayala DE SOTOMAYOR. Born in 1350.<br />
<br />
<br />
14160506. Lorenzo Suarez DE FIGUEROA. Born in 1420.<br />
<br />
Lorenzo married Maria DE OROZCO.<br />
They had one child ...<br />
7080253 i. Catalina Suarez DE FIGUEROA (b.1460)<br />
<br />
<br />
14160507. Maria DE OROZCO. Born in 1425.Some Interesting News Yesterday Plus Riddlestag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2008-10-16:2030313:BlogPost:156522008-10-16T21:30:00.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
<p style="text-align: left;"><img alt="" height="2592" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803905919?profile=original" width="1944"></img></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img alt="" height="2592" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803917066?profile=original" width="1944"></img></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img alt="" height="1571" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803938622?profile=original" width="1193"></img></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img alt="" height="316" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803941577?profile=original" width="829"></img></p>
<br />
Images above:<br />
1: Ayesart at the age of 14<br />
2: Ayesart's Mother<br />
3: Ayesart's Grandmother<br />
<br />
Yesterday I received an E mail from a good friend of mine. We met via a Forum that explored the genealogy of Moca Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
The E mail she sent me contained questions about her recent mtDNA test that had been done by a famous…
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803905919?profile=original" alt="" width="1944" height="2592"/></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803917066?profile=original" alt="" width="1944" height="2592"/></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803938622?profile=original" alt="" width="1193" height="1571"/></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803941577?profile=original" alt="" width="829" height="316"/></p>
<br />
Images above:<br />
1: Ayesart at the age of 14<br />
2: Ayesart's Mother<br />
3: Ayesart's Grandmother<br />
<br />
Yesterday I received an E mail from a good friend of mine. We met via a Forum that explored the genealogy of Moca Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
The E mail she sent me contained questions about her recent mtDNA test that had been done by a famous genealogy company that's online.<br />
<br />
Her mtDNA sequences within HVR2 matched my sequences one hundred percent telling me that we shared the same maternal genetic ancestry. She is the one hundreth mtDNA match. Her heritage is from Puerto Rico.<br />
<br />
I have decided to share with you the places where people who match my maternal mtDNA are from.<br />
I think you will find it very interesting.<br />
<br />
Haplo Group Country Number of people who match<br />
<br />
C<br />
Argentina 2<br />
<br />
C Belize 1<br />
<br />
C Bolivia 2<br />
<br />
C Brazil 1<br />
<br />
C Canada 7<br />
<br />
C Chile 4<br />
<br />
C Basque 1<br />
<br />
C Colombia 2<br />
<br />
C Cuba 2<br />
<br />
C Ecuador 4<br />
<br />
C France 2<br />
<br />
C Germany 2<br />
<br />
C Guatemala 1<br />
<br />
C Mexico 45<br />
<br />
C Peru 4<br />
<br />
C Puerto Rico 48<br />
<br />
C Puerto Rico Native American 2 (Unclaimed Taino Heritage)<br />
<br />
C Puerto Rico Taino 5 (Family Verbal History plus Genetics)<br />
<br />
C Russian Federation 1<br />
<br />
C Spain 8<br />
<br />
C United States 23 (Indigenous, but whom? Which Tribe? Or do these numbers reflect PR's who have moved here?<br />
<br />
C United States Native American 1<br />
<br />
C Venezuela 2<br />
<br />
C1 Mexico 2<br />
<br />
C1b Puerto Rico 1<br />
<br />
C1c Mexico 1<br />
<br />
<br />
High Resolution Matches (HVR1+HVR2) Haplogroup Country Comment Count<br />
<br />
C Mexico 1<br />
<br />
C Puerto Rico 12<br />
<br />
C Puerto Rico Native American 1<br />
<br />
C Puerto Rico Taino 5<br />
<br />
C1b Puerto Rico 1<br />
<br />
The letter of my ancestral Haplo Group is C. This means that I come from an Indigenous heritage from my mother's maternal ancestors.<br />
<br />
The chart states that I have matches in Puerto Rico that are Haplo Group C. This means that the people who match my ancestral maternal mtDNA share a common female ancestor with me.<br />
You will notice that in Puerto Rico I have 48 matches that aren't listed as being indigenous. This might mean that these people have Spanish heritage but are Mestizos because of their Haplo Group C which is indigenous.<br />
<br />
I also have listed, Puerto Rico Native American. These are persons who haven't changed their mtDNA kits to reflect their Taino Heritage. Perhaps they don't have a verbal family history like I do.<br />
<br />
I have 5 Taino Puerto Rican mtDNA matches. I fought for this to reflect on my mtDNA test kit because I do have a family verbal history on both sides of my family. It took me three months of E mails to FTDNA plus submission of a scientific paper. Only 5 people have acknowledged their ancestry as coming from Taino.<br />
<br />
In the United States I have 23 Indigenous mtDNA matches. Does this mean they are descendants of Taino who were shipped out from Puerto Rico during the repartamiento? Most likely because Taino mtDNA is like no other Indigenous mtDNA because it is a founding mtDNA that became unique and very private and differs from American Indian, Central American Indian and South American Indian mtDNA sequences.<br />
<br />
Now, you will also see that I have very large numbers of mtDNA matches in Mexico, forty five. My parent was born in Salinas, Puerto Rico, her parents were born in Salinas as were my great grandparents.<br />
The 5th great grand parents is another story. Three generations of de Jesus Santos were born in Coamo, Puerto Rico, before that they were de Silva who had immigrated from the Canary Islands and before that, Portugal and Spain. On my maternal grand mother's side were the Maldonado. They came out of Spain, moved to Portugal and the Canary islands and then went on to conquer most of the known world on behalf of their king and queen. The paternal ancestry and maternal ancestry had their roots in Europe.<br />
This is where the French, Russian and German sequences come in, but they are Haplo group C.<br />
<br />
Since the Mexican matches are very high I began to trace back my ancestry and that led me back to the Maldonado who had married the Moctezuma descendants. This means that Aztec Indigenous sequences mixed in with the Taino Founding sequences and blotted out the Spanish Haplo Group sequences.<br />
Spanish Haplo Group sequences are L, K2 and R1b1.<br />
<br />
There is also the possibility that my Taino ancestors ended up in Mexico during the repartamiento in Puerto Rico during the 1500's and 1600's. Or were they brought there by Spanish who had mixed their genetics with Taino women?<br />
<br />
MtDNA genetic science is still young and it cannot split hairs that would reveal and segregate Aztec, Peruvian and Taino mtDNA sequences that might have merged together yet...<br />
<br />
The Haplo groups C1, C1b and C1c Follow this URL for a full explanation of these three Haplo Groups:<br />
<br />
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2258150<br />
<br />
The C1, C1b and C1c are informing me of the repartamientos that went on within other parts of the Spanish empire of Indigenous people who might have been brought to Puerto Rico after the Taino began coming close to diminished population numbers.<br />
<br />
So, the riddle continues....<br />
<br />
I hope this post has helped someone along the path...<br />
<br />
AyesColumbus, A Historical Lessontag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2008-10-11:2030313:BlogPost:148452008-10-11T02:00:00.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
Dualities<br />
<br />
That has always been the human downfall.<br />
<br />
You came to us in your shining armor<br />
<br />
And you were lost looking for the promised land.<br />
<br />
We knew who you were<br />
<br />
And all you would bring, there was a prophesy.<br />
<br />
And despite knowing that<br />
<br />
We extended our hands in friendship.<br />
<br />
<br />
You raped us<br />
<br />
You stole all that we had and knew<br />
<br />
And you cut off our extended hands<br />
<br />
Of good will and brotherly love.<br />
<br />
You taught us how to hate<br />
<br />
But you also taught us how to forgive.<br />
<br />
<br />
Its all about our…
Dualities<br />
<br />
That has always been the human downfall.<br />
<br />
You came to us in your shining armor<br />
<br />
And you were lost looking for the promised land.<br />
<br />
We knew who you were<br />
<br />
And all you would bring, there was a prophesy.<br />
<br />
And despite knowing that<br />
<br />
We extended our hands in friendship.<br />
<br />
<br />
You raped us<br />
<br />
You stole all that we had and knew<br />
<br />
And you cut off our extended hands<br />
<br />
Of good will and brotherly love.<br />
<br />
You taught us how to hate<br />
<br />
But you also taught us how to forgive.<br />
<br />
<br />
Its all about our interconnection.<br />
<br />
You see, we were the children of the<br />
<br />
Land sea and sky.<br />
<br />
In essence, you are me and I am you.<br />
<br />
We are all things in the realm of this<br />
<br />
Great creation.<br />
<br />
And within both of us is the<br />
<br />
Great Mystery<br />
<br />
Linking us together.<br />
<br />
<br />
And in the aftermath,<br />
<br />
Now you and your conquering ways are gone<br />
<br />
And we are still here.<br />
<br />
<br />
The irony is that you aren't really gone<br />
<br />
We have absorbed all of you.<br />
<br />
You are running deep within<br />
<br />
The blood of our children<br />
<br />
And you aren't lost anymore.<br />
<br />
In a way, even though you were lost<br />
<br />
You have come home.<br />
<br />
<br />
Isn't the Great Mystery wonderful?<br />
<br />
Now we are truely interconnected<br />
<br />
Part of one another, inseparable<br />
<br />
For all eternity.<br />
<br />
<br />
Author's note:<br />
This work of poetry came while I was creating the painting, Columbus, A Historical Lesson.<br />
<br />
Image is within my page herein.Atabey By John Ayestag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2008-10-11:2030313:BlogPost:148442008-10-11T00:28:33.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
<p style="text-align: left;"><img alt="" height="2083" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803903712?profile=original" width="863"></img></p>
<br />
Atabey - Earth Mother<br />
Mother of conception and birth<br />
Mother of Yucahu<br />
<br />
Her image has been transformed by those who practice Spiritualism. Our perception of the gods change as we change.<br />
<br />
I created the painting upon two canvases joined together to place emphasis on the spiritual world of Atabey merging with the concept of the physical world. And to dispel the illusion of dualities.<br />
<br />
People are actually walking around believing that their brains are…
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2803903712?profile=original" alt="" width="863" height="2083"/></p>
<br />
Atabey - Earth Mother<br />
Mother of conception and birth<br />
Mother of Yucahu<br />
<br />
Her image has been transformed by those who practice Spiritualism. Our perception of the gods change as we change.<br />
<br />
I created the painting upon two canvases joined together to place emphasis on the spiritual world of Atabey merging with the concept of the physical world. And to dispel the illusion of dualities.<br />
<br />
People are actually walking around believing that their brains are two separate things.<br />
<br />
The right and left hemisphere.<br />
<br />
Now they are working real hard to merge them into one entity when in fact they were never separate at all.<br />
<br />
How can one function with separate brains?<br />
<br />
Its not nature's way.<br />
<br />
Think about it.<br />
<br />
AyesArchival Records of the Repartamiento de Indios and the Genealogy of Moctezumatag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2008-10-10:2030313:BlogPost:148352008-10-10T23:00:00.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
I am hoping everyone can read Spanish. I am going to post some documentation regarding the Repartamiento de Indios without writing my thoughts about it. The documents will tell all.<br />
At the end of this post I have added the genealogy of Moctezuma family.<br />
You will see precisely how mtDNA and yDNA were infused into the Spanish bloodlines and then transfered via "mestizo" children who moved to the Caribbean, Terra Firma, etc. The Moctezuma descendants have been found in Puerto Rico in the 1910…
I am hoping everyone can read Spanish. I am going to post some documentation regarding the Repartamiento de Indios without writing my thoughts about it. The documents will tell all.<br />
At the end of this post I have added the genealogy of Moctezuma family.<br />
You will see precisely how mtDNA and yDNA were infused into the Spanish bloodlines and then transfered via "mestizo" children who moved to the Caribbean, Terra Firma, etc. The Moctezuma descendants have been found in Puerto Rico in the 1910 Census by me during my genealogy research.<br />
Whole family groups were exhiled out of Mexico after a family member led a revolt to all parts of the king's realm.<br />
<br />
Enjoy!<br />
<br />
John Ayes<br />
<br />
RESUMEN:<br />
Título de la unidad: "Orden a los jerónimos de Indias"<br />
Archivo: Archivo General de Indias<br />
Signatura: INDIFERENTE,419,L.6,F.644V-645V<br />
<br />
ÁREA DE IDENTIFICACIÓN<br />
Titulo Nombre atribuido:<br />
Orden a los jerónimos de Indias<br />
Fecha Creación:<br />
1517-07-22, (Madrid) -<br />
Nivel de Descripción:<br />
Unidad Documental Simple<br />
<br />
ÁREA DE CONTEXTO<br />
Historia Archivística:<br />
Signatura antigua: INDIFERENTE,419,L.6,F.156v-157v<br />
Signatura Histórico:<br />
INDIFERENTE,419,L.6,F.156V-157V<br />
<br />
ÁREA DE CONTENIDO Y ESTRUCTURA<br />
Alcance y Contenido:<br />
Real Cédula a los jerónimos, jueces comisarios de Indias, dándoles la comisión<br />
de que provean conforme a la instrucción que llevan y convenga al servicio de<br />
Sus Altezas sobre el memorial de Martín de Isásaga ya difunto presentado en<br />
nombre de la ciudad de Puerto Rico solicitando se haga de nuevo la visitación<br />
de los caciques para rectificar el número de indios que tenía cada uno, pues<br />
algunos tenían registrados más número del que tenían en realidad con perjuicio<br />
de los vecinos que los tenían encomendados.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
ÁREA DE CONDICIONES DE ACCESO Y UTILIZACIÓN<br />
Índices de Descripción:<br />
Cabildo de San Juan de Puerto Rico<br />
Isásaga, Martín de<br />
Isla de Puerto Rico<br />
Jerónimos<br />
Jueces comisarios de Indias<br />
Madrid (España)<br />
Repartimientos de Indios<br />
Visitas de indios<br />
<br />
<br />
ÁREA DE IDENTIFICACIÓN<br />
Titulo Nombre atribuido:<br />
AUTOS ENTRE PARTES.SANTO DOMINGO<br />
Fecha Formación:<br />
1528 -<br />
Nivel de Descripción:<br />
Fracción de Serie-Unidad de Instalación<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
ÁREA DE CONTENIDO Y ESTRUCTURA<br />
Alcance y Contenido:<br />
En 3 números. Nº 1. Año de 1528. En 2 ramos. Ramo 1. Miguel de Castellanos,<br />
contador de Real Hacienda en la isla de Puerto Rico, con Blas de Villasante,<br />
tesorero de la misma isla sobre agravios que le causó en sus intereses. Una<br />
pieza. 1528. Ramo 2. Doña María de Toledo, mujer que fue del Almirante don<br />
Diego Colón, con Francisco de Plasencia, sobre cobranza de cantidad de<br />
maravedís. Una pieza. 1528. Nota: Es una probanza, debería formar parte de la<br />
serie 54ª. Nº 2. Año de 1529. Diego Muriel, vecino de la ciudad de San Juan de<br />
Puerto Rico, con Juan de Castellanos de la misma vecindad, sobre la fianza de<br />
un esclavo. Una pieza. 1528. Nota: Es una apelación, debería formar parte de<br />
la serie 1ª. Nº 3. Año de 1530. En 7 ramos. Ramo 1. Don Alonso Manso, primer<br />
obispo de Puerto Rico, con Francisco Barrionuevo, vecino del Puerto de la<br />
Plata y dueño de la Isla de la Mona, sobre pago de los diezmos de dicha isla.<br />
Dos piezas. 1530. Ramo 2. Blas de Villasante, tesorero de la isla de San Juan<br />
de Puerto Rico, con el obispo de dicha isla, don Alonso Manso, sobe pago de<br />
10.000 maravedís. Tres piezas. 1530-1533. Nota: Es una apelación, debería<br />
formar parte de la serie 1ª. Ramo 3. Juan Velázquez, como heredero de<br />
Francisco Velázquez, con Cristóbal de Torres, sobre derecho a una encomienda<br />
de indios. Dos piezas. 1529-1531. Nota: Es una apelación, debería formar parte<br />
de la serie 1ª. Ramo 4. María de Valenzuela, mujer de Pánfilo de Narváez, con<br />
Fernando de Ceballos, criado de dicho Pánfilo, sobre ajuste de cuentas. Una<br />
pieza. 1530. Nota: Es una información, debería formar parte dela serie 54ª.<br />
Ramo 5. Hernando Vázquez, regidor de la ciudad de Toledo, con el licenciado<br />
Juan Ortiz de Matienzo, sobre pago de 115 castellanos. Una pieza. 1530. Ramo<br />
6. Diego Méndez, vecino de la ciudad de Toledo, con el licenciado Antonio<br />
Serrano, de la misma vecindad, sobre la venta de un ingenio. Una pieza. 1530.<br />
Nota: Es una probanza, debería formar parte de la serie 54ª. Ramo 7. García de<br />
Rivadeneira <b>con Antón Indio sobre su libertad. Una pieza. 1530</b><br />
<br />
<br />
ÁREA DE IDENTIFICACIÓN<br />
Titulo Nombre atribuido:<br />
Concejo San Juan de Puerto Rico:indios caribes<br />
Fecha Creación:<br />
1557-05-27 -<br />
Nivel de Descripción:<br />
Unidad Documental Simple<br />
<br />
ÁREA DE CONTEXTO<br />
Historia Institucional / Reseña Biográfica:<br />
patronato<br />
<br />
ÁREA DE CONTENIDO Y ESTRUCTURA<br />
Alcance y Contenido:<br />
'Consexo. Año de 1558. La ysla de San Juan de Puerto Rico, sobre lo de los<br />
yndios caribes'. Petición de Francisco Alegre, procurador de la isla de San<br />
Juan, con dos informaciones sobre los perjuicios ocasionados por los indios<br />
caribes, en solicitud de remedio. San Juan de Puerto Rico, 6 de junio y 27 de<br />
mayo de 1557<br />
<br />
Archivo: Archivo General de Indias<br />
Signatura: PATRONATO,176,R.1<br />
Andres de Haro,tesorero:reducción de indios:Puerto Rico<br />
Fecha Creación:<br />
1518-01-21 -<br />
Nivel de Descripción:<br />
Unidad Documental Simple<br />
Historia Institucional / Reseña Biográfica:<br />
patronato<br />
Carta de Andres de Haro, tesorero oficial real de la isla de Puerto Rico, a Su<br />
Majestad, sobre la disminución del numero de indios que alli se observa, por<br />
su delicada complexión, circunstancia que no tienen en cuenta los visitadores<br />
nombrados por los tres monjes jeronimos residentes en Santo Domingo. San Juan<br />
de Puerto Rico, 21 de enero de 1518<br />
Descripción incluida en INVENTARIO DE LA SECCION DE PATRONATO. TOMO II<br />
<br />
RESUMEN:<br />
Título de la unidad: "Información sobre tratamiento de indios"<br />
Archivo: Archivo General de Indias<br />
Signatura: PATRONATO,18,N.9,R.4<br />
Informacion sobre tratamiento de indios<br />
Fecha Creacion:<br />
1531-07-24 -<br />
Historia Institucional / Resena Biografica:<br />
patronato<br />
Información recibida en San Juan de Puerto Rico a instancias de Antonio<br />
Sedeno, contador de la isla Trinidad, sobre el tratamiento que dispensara a<br />
los indios de dicha isla, no como esclavos sino amorosamente y con amistad.<br />
San Juan de Puerto Rico, 24 de julio de 1531<br />
Escalante Fontanera, Hernando de<br />
San Juan de Puerto Rico<br />
Sedeno, Antonio<br />
Trinidad, Isla de<br />
Instrumentos de Descripcion:<br />
Descripcion incluida en INVENTARIO DE LA SECCION DE PATRONATO. TOMO I<br />
<br />
RESUMEN:<br />
Título de la unidad:"Informaciones ante Antonio de la Gama:San Juan Puerto<br />
Rico"<br />
Archivo: Archivo General de Indias<br />
Signatura: PATRONATO,175,R.18<br />
Informaciones ante Antonio de la Gama:San Juan Puerto Rico<br />
Fecha Creación:<br />
1528-12-01 -<br />
Nivel de Descripción:<br />
Unidad Documental Simple<br />
Historia Institucional / Reseña Biográfica:<br />
patronato<br />
Informaciones ante el juez de residencia, licenciado Antonio de la Gama:<br />
1.- Testimonio de los autos y diligencias relativos a la entrega de la<br />
Hacienda Real de Toa, en poder de Blas de Villasante a Diego Muriel. San Juan<br />
de Puerto Rico, 1 de diciembre de 1528. Informacion a petición de Diego<br />
Muriel, sobre los malos tratos que Villasante dio a sus indios, por cuya causa<br />
la hacienda de Toa perdio a los mejores. San Juan de Puerto Rico, 16 de abril<br />
de 1529. 2.- Informacion hecha por orden del licenciado Antonio de la Gama,<br />
sobre fricciones por competencias jurisdiccionales entre las justicias de Su<br />
Majestad y el vicario eclesiastico Juan Mateos, por la prision de Sancho del<br />
Castillo, clerigo de corona, condenado por prevaricacion e incumplimiento de<br />
destierro. San Juan de Puerto Rico, 12 de abril de 1529. 3.- 'Puerto Rico. Ano<br />
de 1530. Informaciones hechas en la Isla de San Juan de Puerto Rico, ante el<br />
licenciado Antonio de la Gama, juez de residencia por Su Majestad, sobre los<br />
danos que causo allí cierto huracan y otras cosas'<br />
<br />
Baltasar de Castro:desembarco indios caribes : Pueto Rico<br />
Fecha Creacion:<br />
1520-11-16 -<br />
Historia Institucional / Reseña Biográfica:<br />
patronato<br />
Carta de Baltasar de Castro dando cuenta del desembarco de 150 indios caribes<br />
en Puerto Rico que cometían robos y muertes; y que no pudiendo construir en<br />
Santo Domingo algunas naos utiles para impedir dichos ataques, pide se<br />
construyan en Sevilla y se remitan a la isla. Santo Domingo, 16 de noviembre<br />
de 1520<br />
<br />
ÁREA DE CONTENIDO Y ESTRUCTURA<br />
Alcance y Contenido:<br />
Real Cédula a Ponce de León, capitán general de la isla de Puerto Rico, con la<br />
concesión a Lope Conchillos de un cacique con sus naborías.- Medinaceli, 11 de<br />
abril de 1510. Acompaña un repartimiento de 100 indios en dicha isla al<br />
teniente de escribano marcador y fundidor de la misma, puesto por dicho<br />
Conchillos, su propietario.- 13 de marzo de 1515. Hay traslados de dichos<br />
documentos. Puero Rico, 7 de diciembre de 1521<br />
<br />
Titulo Nombre atribuido:<br />
BALTASAR DE GALLEGOS<br />
Fecha Creación:<br />
1577-05-23 -<br />
Nivel de Descripción:<br />
Unidad Documental Simple<br />
<br />
ÁREA DE CONTENIDO Y ESTRUCTURA<br />
Alcance y Contenido:<br />
BALTASAR DE GALLEGOS, natural de San Juan de Puerto Rico, hijo de indios, y<br />
BERNARDINO DE CEBALLOS, natural de Segovia, hijo de Alonso de Morán y de María<br />
de Ceballos, a San Juan de Puerto Rico, como criados de fray Juan Gallegos y<br />
otros dos dominicos. Información y licencia en CONTRATACION,5226,N.3,R.22<br />
<br />
"Juan Maldonado:lucha contra los caribes:Puerto Rico"<br />
Archivo: Archivo General de Indias<br />
Signatura: PATRONATO,175,R.34<br />
Juan Maldonado:lucha contra los caribes:Puerto Rico<br />
Fecha Creación:<br />
1565 -<br />
Nivel de Descripción:<br />
Unidad Documental Simple<br />
Historia Institucional / Reseña Biográfica:<br />
patronato<br />
"Puerto Rico. Ano de 1565. Juan Maldonado, vezino de la Isla de San Juan de<br />
Puerto Rico, presenta ciertas Informaciones de los danos y agravios que los<br />
indios Caribes hacen en aquella Isla a los Espanoles, y suplica se le de<br />
licencia para harmar la guerra contra ellos". Informaciones: San Juan de<br />
Puerto Rico, 10 de abril y 26 de marzo de 1565<br />
<br />
The Genealogy of Moctezuma II Emperor of the Mexica (Aztec) Empire<br />
<br />
Moctezuma II - 6th Emperor of the Mexica 1502-1520 born c.1468 Father: Axayacatl (3rd Emperor of Mexico) (died in 1481 after defeat in battle) (Moctezuma was his eighth son) Fathers Father: Tezozomoc (never Emperor) Fathers Mother: Huitzilxochtzin (daughter of Moctezuma I) Fathers Mothers Father: Moctezuma I (2nd Emperor of the Mexica 1440-1469) Fathers Fathers Father: Itzcoatl (1st Emperor of the Mexica and 4th King of the Mexica 1428-1440) Fathers Mothers Fathers Father: Huitzihuitl (2nd King of the Mexica 1391-1415) Fathers Mothers Fathers Mother: A Princess of Cuernavaca Fathers Fathers Fathers Father: Acampichtli (1st King of the Mexica 1376-1391) Fathers Fathers Fathers Mother: Slave Girl Fathers Mothers Fathers Fathers Father: Acampichtli (see above) Fathers Mothers Fathers Fathers Mother: Ilancueitl Fathers Fathers Fathers Fathers Father: Opochtzin (Mexica Knight) Fathers Fathers Fathers Fathers Mother: Atotoztli (daughter of King Nauhyotl of Culhuacan) Fathers Mothers Fathers Fathers Fathers Father: Opochtzin (see above) Fathers Mothers Fathers Fathers Fathers Mother: Atotoztli (see above) Primary Wife: Teotalco, a princess from Tula The children of Moctezuma II: Tecuichpo (Isabel) - m. Cuitlahuac d.1520 m. Cuauhtemoc d.1531 m. Alonso de Grado (Conquistador) d.1527 m. Pedro Gallego (Conquistador) d.1531 Son: Juan de Andrade Moctezuma d.1577 m. Juan Cano (Conquistador) d.1572 Son: Gonzalo Cano m.Ana de Prado Calderon Son: Juan Cano Moctezuma Daughter: Maria m.Geronimo Agustin de Espinoza = Hernando Cortes (Conqueror of Mexico) Daughter: Leonor m. Juan de Tolosa Daughter m. Juan de Onate Another Daughter Leonor m. Cristobal de Zaldivar Don Pedro Moctezuma - m. Ines Tiacapan Children: Martin Nezahaulzolotl Cortes (Martin Cortes de Moctezuma) - married a Spanish woman. Bartolome de San Sebastian (natural) Maria (natural) m. Pedro de Silva Lorenzo (natural) Magdalena (natural) Diego Luis Moctezuma (natural) m. Francisca de la Cueva Children: Felipe Marcelino Francisco Antonio Cristobal Maria Pedro Tesifon Moctezuma de la Cueva (given the title Count of Moctezuma by the King of Spain in 1627) m.Geronima de Porras y Castillo Children: Teresa Francisca m.Diego Cisneros daughter: Geronima Manuela Diego Luis Moctezuma y Porras, 2nd Count of Moctezuma 1642 m.Luisa Jofre Loaiza y Carrillo Child: Maria Geronima Moctezuma y Jofre 3rd Countess of Moctezuma m.Jose Sarmiento de Valladares 1st Duke of Atrixco Viceroy Children: Fausta Dominga 4th Countess of Moctezuma in 1693, without heir Melchora Juana Sarmiento Moctezuma 5th Countess of Moctezuma in 1697 m.Ventura Fernandez de Cordova, without heir Second Cousin: Teresa Francisca de Silva y Moctezuma 6th Countess of Moctezuma in 1717. m.Gaspar Antonio de Oca Zuniga y Sarmiento Child: Geronimo Maria de Oca y Moctezuma 7th Count of Moctezuma in 1736 m. in 1720 Maria Josefa de Mendoza Caamano Children: Teresa Clara Joaquin Gines Gabriel de Oca y Mendoza 1733-1795 8th Count of Moctezuma in 1778 m.Maria Idiaquez y Palafox, without heir Sister: Clara de Oca y Mendoza 1723-1799, 9th Countess of Moctezuma m.Jose Antonio Marcilla de Teruel Child: Jose Antonio Marcilla de Teruel y de Oca 10th Count of Moctezuma in 1799 m.Salvadora Garcia de Alcaraz Children: Maria Josefa m.Geronimo de Mendinueta y Nunez Alfonso Jose Marcilla de Teruel Garcia de Alcaraz 1784-1836, Alfonso was the 11th Count of Moctezuma in 1807. m.Maria de los Dolores Alvarez de Faria, without heir. Cousin: Pedro Nolasco Marcilla de Teruel Moctezuma, 12th Count of Moctezuma m.Maria Josefa Navarro Child: Antonio Maria Marcilla de Teruel Navarro, 13th Count of Moctezuma and was given the title 1st Duke of Moctezuma of Tultengo in 1865. m.Maria Isabel de Linan y Fernandez Rubio Child: Luis Marcilla de Teruel Moctezuma y Linan 1870-1929, 2nd Duke of Moctezuma in 1905 m. in 1896 Maria de los Angeles Gomez de Arteche. Child: Luis Moctezuma Marcilla de Teruel y Gomez de Arteche Linan y Ribota 1897-1936, 3rd Duke of Moctezuma, without heir. Brother: Fernando de Moctezuma Marcilla de Teruel y Gomez de Arteche Linan y Ribota, 4th Duke of Moctezuma and 9th Marquis of Tenebron. Dona Marina or Dona Leonor - m. Joan Paez m. Cristobal de Valederrama Child: Leonor m.Diego de Sotelo Children: Leonor de Valderrama Ana, nun in Santa Clara Fernando Sotelo Francesca - m. Huatzin (Diego de Alvarado) Child: Fernando Alvarado Tezozmoc, historianJohn Ayestag:indigenouscaribbean.ning.com,2008-10-09:2030313:BlogPost:145622008-10-09T02:30:00.000ZAyesarthttp://indigenouscaribbean.ning.com/profile/Ayesart
I am going to post as my first blog entry a comment I had made a few minutes ago to one of our members.<br />
I think it will describe where I am at and where I have been and where my ancestry is within.<br />
Enjoy:<br />
<br />
Good Evening:<br />
I am a new member to this net work and I happened to be browsing articles and I found yours quite interesting.<br />
<br />
I have had my mtDNA analysed by Family Tree DNA and the results showed Haplo Group C. My wife also had her mtDNA done and her results were Haplo Group A.<br />
<br />
Awhile back…
I am going to post as my first blog entry a comment I had made a few minutes ago to one of our members.<br />
I think it will describe where I am at and where I have been and where my ancestry is within.<br />
Enjoy:<br />
<br />
Good Evening:<br />
I am a new member to this net work and I happened to be browsing articles and I found yours quite interesting.<br />
<br />
I have had my mtDNA analysed by Family Tree DNA and the results showed Haplo Group C. My wife also had her mtDNA done and her results were Haplo Group A.<br />
<br />
Awhile back I had a serious discussion with FTDNA on why they should list my ancestry having Taino Genetic Roots. I got the same old, same old about the Bering Strait theory. I pushed and shoved diplomatically until I was informed to supply scientific proof by way of papers articulating the subject.<br />
<br />
Crusado’s work was out because he didn’t articulate the specific sequences he had found within the PR population. I finally sent FTDNA C. Lalueza Fox’s paper et al. While reading that paper I discovered my mtDNA matched quite a few Cuban and Dominican indigenous sequences from the Ciboney tribe. (See URL below It will take you directly to the article.)<br />
<br />
http://www.helium.com/items/106908-genetics-and-genealogy-a-path-to-self-discovery-a-path-away-from-extinction<br />
<br />
This is what I discovered since then in my genealogy - mtDNA and yDNA research.<br />
<br />
1: Indians were exported out of the Caribbean to Terra Firma en masse.<br />
<br />
2: Indians from Terra Firma were transported to the Caribbean en masse.<br />
<br />
3: Descendants of Moctezuma immigrated to Spain and contracted mayroazgo with the Maldonado, Nieto, Ledesma and de Silva. (I am a direct descendant of these people.)<br />
<br />
4: Children from these mayorgazgo, marriage contracts, would carry the Aztec indigenous haplo groups of their mothers which in turn would have been carried to the Caribbean and back to Terra Firma by those children who were now "mestizos". The Maldonado who settled PR, are descendants of the latter.<br />
<br />
5: My mother’s mtDNA revealed matches in Columbia, Puerto Rico, Mexico, New Mexico, Texas, et al.<br />
But it also contains French sequences that are derived from her father, Feliciano Ayes Ortiz.<br />
<br />
6. One of my mtDNA matches was from New Mexico. He was a descendant of the Ledesma. His ancestors had gained land grants in Mexico from the Spanish Crown by way of Cedula Real. They had intermarried with cousins to maintain "the purity of Spanish bloodline." His mtDNA results indicated his maternal ancestor was a Haplo Group C. His family verbal history informs that they didn't marry any Mexican Indians.<br />
<br />
7: You have to keep in mind that mtDNA is only a small part of sequences residing within the larger genome that contains equal genteic sequences and traits contributed by the mother-father and their ancestors. I have an unproven theory that my mother’s father’s sequences was also passed within my mother’s mtDNA. How could it not? In the same token his mother’s sequences were also passed onto my mother and her father as well. Nature is a very balanced system. If one is lacking any part of their parents sequences one would be very off balance and out of tune within nature’s system of balance.<br />
<br />
8: I am discovering that the descendants of Taino have become a very distinct race of Indian. Mixed with the Aztec, Inca and Taino sequences.<br />
<br />
9: Problem. Genetic science hasn’t advanced enough to find those specific sequences or separate them from one another yet. This is why my theory is just a theory. But I know my theoory will be proven when the DNA science becomes more sophisticated.<br />
<br />
10: Know that our Taino ancestry is the foundation on which the other sequences have mixed in with so it should be the strongest.<br />
<br />
11: yDNA is passed from father to son pretty much like the replication process of a Xerox machine. Male yDNA Taino sequences might finaly bediscovered in the Ponce dig. We must give those DNA scientists rope so they can sort it all out for us.<br />
After you have read my article on helium.com go to my genealogy page at:<br />
<br />
http://ayesart.tribalpages.com<br />
<br />
Type in John Ayes in their browser. Choose: John Browne Ayes Alles and follow my ancestry back.<br />
<br />
12: My ancestry is from the Ayes. My maternal ancestry is from the de Jesus Santos who came from the de Silva of Portugal. I have used my mtDNA and my yDNA as a guide and immigration map for my family tree. My sequences are your sequences as is the rest of the people of PR.<br />
<br />
13: My cousin, Carlos Ayes Suarez, renown archeaologist in Puerto Rico, recently shared his end of the family tree via E mail. I shared mine with him as well. Each tree filled in the blank spaces and dead ends we both had. Within his family tree our de Jesus ancestors were “Pardo”<br />
<br />
I don’t have any L1, l2 or L3 African sequences in my ancestral DNA. So that rules out African as being the basis for that “Pardo” ancestry. The “Pardo” can only mean one thing. Indigenous ancestry.<br />
<br />
Respectfully,<br />
<br />
John Browne Ayes